Empire - User contributions [en]

List of Criminal Offences

2018-07-25T18:51:42Z

JonC: corrected bite link

==Overview==
The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law usually refers to a "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. Any exceptions to this are referred to explicitly in the definitions below e.g. for treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a person.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that persons who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a person.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a person which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a person against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person. The direct [[Amend_crime_of_slavery|purchase]] and sale of slaves is also illegal but this does not encompass the repatriation or ransoming of Imperial citizens.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another person or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. The blasphemous [[:Category:Musical_Instruments|musical instruments]] known as Drums of Strife, Harbinger of Chaos, and Horns of Madness are also illegal. The [[Create_law_prohibiting_Bite|drug "Bite"]] is also illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason. There is some magistrate's guidance on interactions with eternals [[treason guidance|here]]. We do not prosecute bona fide ransoms for exchange of prisoners as such prosecutions are judged not to be within the imperial interest.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Those who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause), a failure to attend lawful inquisition and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the paragons and the paths of virtue. This includes promoting false virtues and the teachings, or example, of false exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting false doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created virtuous auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas and objects, and on those people who do not wished them removed The magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a person reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If someone wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal trial|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

List of Criminal Offences

2018-06-27T19:36:36Z

JonC: added bite law

==Overview==
The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law usually refers to a "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. Any exceptions to this are referred to explicitly in the definitions below e.g. for treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a person.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that persons who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a person.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a person which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a person against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person. The direct [[Amend_crime_of_slavery|purchase]] and sale of slaves is also illegal but this does not encompass the repatriation or ransoming of Imperial citizens.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another person or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. The blasphemous [[:Category:Musical_Instruments|musical instruments]] known as Drums of Strife, Harbinger of Chaos, and Horns of Madness are also illegal. The [[City_lights#Declaring_war_on_bite|drug "Bite"]] is also illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason. There is some magistrate's guidance on interactions with eternals [[treason guidance|here]]. We do not prosecute bona fide ransoms for exchange of prisoners as such prosecutions are judged not to be within the imperial interest.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Those who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause), a failure to attend lawful inquisition and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the paragons and the paths of virtue. This includes promoting false virtues and the teachings, or example, of false exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting false doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created virtuous auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas and objects, and on those people who do not wished them removed The magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a person reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If someone wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal trial|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Construct Virtue's Rest

2018-06-27T19:35:27Z

JonC:

<ic>to create the Great Work called “Virtue’s Rest”, based upon the plans for the Pilgrim’s Road hostelry drawn up by Philemon of Fulmon’s Bounty. This will create a network of seven hostels, one dedicated to each Virtue. These hostels will provide plans of safety and rest for all pilgrims on their pilgrimage to and from the white city. This opportunity will only be available while Philemon of Fulmon’s Bounty has the interest and support of the local populace. The cost will be 100 wains of white granite and 25 Thrones and will be self funded by the citizens of Highguard. ''Proposed by Bastion, seconded by Bregasland.''</ic>
==Outcome==
* To construct a [[great work]] in [[Bastion]] based on [[You'll_recognise_yourself#Virtue|plans drawn up]] by Philemon of the Chapter of Fulmon's Bounty.
* Passed
==Date==
* Spring 382YE
==Cost==
* Non-standard costs apply as detailed [[You'll_recognise_yourself#Virtue|here]].
* 100 wains White Granite
* 200 crowns labour costs
* Six months to complete
==Progress==
* None
==Campaign Outcome==
* When complete, the great work will provide a bounty of 50 liao and 100 Synod votes spread between every congregation in Bastion.
* Philemon is absolutely clear that he will not permit that "League montebanc" anywhere near this grand scheme.
* The hostels are designed to go all along the proposed [[Lorenzo's_Legacy#Blood_Red_Roads|Blood Red Roads]]. While this great work can be built at any time it will only provide half the expected benefits above unless the Blood Red Roads or similar are extended to Bastion.
{{Senate Motion}}

Authorise ambassador to Iron Confederacy

2018-06-06T18:40:48Z

JonC: typo

<ic>To authorise the Ambassador to the Iron Confederacy to invite the Duke Guiscard of the Iron Confederacy to send his forces into Feroz to deal with the Iron Confederacy rebels, and then immediately withdraw. Proposed by Feroz, seconded by Upwold.</ic>
===Overview===
* The [[Ambassador to the Iron Confederacy]] has been authorized by the Imperial Senate to invite Duke Guiscard of Kalino to send troops into [[Feroz]].
* Passed
===Date===
* Winter 381YE
===Constitution===
* The ambassador will still need to invite the Duke to bring his troops to the Empire.
{{Senate Motion}}

Imperial Law Overview

2017-09-13T20:17:37Z

JonC: update to law in sum 381 to add protection to humans of the mourn

This page is intended to provide an out-of-character summary of the Imperial Law; it details the basic principles of the law and the key concepts. Most players should be able to get a general feel for the laws of the Empire from reviewing this page.

==Principles of Imperial law==

The principles of Imperial Law are contained in its constitutional documents. The Imperial Constitution sets out:
* the principles underlying the relationship between the Nations and the Empire and the role of the Imperial Civil Service;
* the organs of the state and their appointed representatives; and
* the principles underlying the relationship between the citizen and the state.

==Key Concepts==

The nations which comprise the Empire are governed by Imperial Law which applies equally everywhere in the Empire. While each nation has its own traditions and customs they are superseded in circumstances where they conflict with Imperial Law. Imperial law is based on principles rather than legalistic precedents set by previous cases.

Any member of the [[Imperial Senate]] may submit a bill or motion to the civil service who will table it for debate by the Senate. There are additional requirements which apply to pass any legislation which amends the constitution. The [[Imperial Synod|Synod]] [[The_Assemblies_of_the_Synod#The_General_Assembly|General Assembly]] have powers to veto legislation, particularly where it changes the constitution.

Those accused of crimes or engaged in civil claims are normally be expected to speak for themselves. Accordingly, there is no tradition of barristers within the Empire. You can play a lawyer who advises their clients about the law, but imperial law is intended to be simple to understand without being an expert.

Magistrates are non-player characters who are accorded wide-ranging discretionary powers under the constitution to investigate and try those accused of crimes and arbitrate in civil disputes. We will ''never'' run plot in Empire involving the corruption of magistrates or any other NPC civil servants.

The [[Imperial Synod]] have a number of [[Judgement|legal powers]] which they use in furtherance of their role to ensure the spiritual wellbeing of the Empire. They also have a key role to play in the prosecution of [[Religious_Crimes|religious crimes]].

==Individuals and the law==

All characters in Empire will fall into one of the following broad categories in relation to the law:

* Citizens of the Empire must fulfil their obligations to the State and in return they receive associated rights, including protection under Imperial law.
* The child of an Imperial citizen has the full protection of the law as if they were a citizen. Until a child becomes a citizen their parents or guardians are responsible in law for any criminal or civil offences that they commit.
* Barbarians are defined as anyone with whom the Empire is at [[Powers_of_the_Imperial_Senate#Declaration of War|war]]. They have no recourse to Imperial Law (with one major exception, see below) but they may be the subject of it. [[Eternals]] and the Heralds of Eternals who are the subject of a [[Amity_and_emnity|declaration of enmity]] by the [[Imperial Conclave]] are considered enemies of the Empire and treated as barbarians. Unauthorised dealings with barbarians is illegal and will be investigated as treason. More information, including a list of Eternals currently under Enmity, can be found [[Amity_and_emnity|here]].
* Any [[Amend_law_of_delegation_protection|delegations]] from barbarian nations who arrive on the field of anvil under a flag of peace have protection under the law as if they were imperial citizens for the duration of their visit and for their direct passage out of the empire.
* Broadly, foreigners are any person who is neither a citizen nor a barbarian. Foreigners are subject to the law and are accorded protection by it as if they were a citizen, but they do not otherwise enjoy the benefits of citizenship. However, Eternals, and the Heralds of Eternals, are not treated as foreigners (thereby receiving protection under the law) unless they are the subject of a [[Declaration#Declaration of Amity|declaration of amity]] made by the [[Imperial Conclave]].
* If a citizen forswears their oath to their [[Egregores|Egregore]] and thereby ceases to be a citizen they become a foreigner (and so still benefit from the protection of the law). Citizens and former citizens who fight against the Empire will (if feasible) be tried for their crimes, rather than be treated as barbarians. Humans of the Mourn are granted full [[Create_law_of_protection_for_humans_in_Mournwold|legal protection]].

==Five things about Imperial Law==

* There is no right to silence for those accused of crimes. When questioned by a magistrate or deputised member of the militia in furtherance of their duties an accused must answer. If they do not a magistrate may draw an adverse inference. All citizens who witness crimes are expected to promptly inform either a member of the militia or a magistrate. Concealing crimes or assisting others to evade arrest is a serious offence.
* There are no prisons in the Empire. Those accused of crimes are usually released upon swearing an oath that they will attend their trial at the time set by the magistrate. Thief-takers will be ready to recapture them for a reward if they abscond.
* A citizen cannot be punished for saying that they will do something (which is illegal) before they have done it. Accordingly there are no laws which prohibit blackmail, threats of violence and so on. However, anything a citizen says may be used in evidence against them. So if a citizen threatens to kill someone and that person is then murdered, their death threats are potential evidence.
* [[List_of_Criminal_Offences#Crimes against the Person|Slavery]] is illegal in the Empire.
* Magistrates will use their absolute discretion as to what evidence they will consider when coming to their verdict. So a magistrate might choose to hear out a particular witness's testimony, or they may stop, redirect or dismiss them, entirely as they see fit.

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how a [[criminal trial]] is conducted [[criminal trial|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can review the list of current criminal offences [[List of Criminal Offences|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Schisms and Heresies

2017-09-02T15:11:43Z

JonC: amended typo

<box>The information below relates to ongoing controversies facing the Synod and the Imperial faith. Some have been used as a foundation for inquisitions and condemnations of [[Religious Crimes|religious crimes]], or as the basis for attempts to add, remove or amend the [[The_Doctrines_of_the_Faith|doctrines of the faith]], which would make explicit what is, or is not, heresy.</box>

==Schisms and Heresies==
Although the Doctrine of Seven is accepted as orthodox, there are many disputes and schisms amongst theologians. Some of the doctrines are disputed. Elsewhere, the Synod has sought to create a doctrine but been unable to build a consensus amongst the clergy.
{{CaptionedImage|file=Yael.jpg|Caption=Yael of Felix's Watch, Prophet of the Land Without Tears|align=left|width=300}}
===The Yaelian Schism===
In 379 YE, [[Yael]] of Felix's Watch, a [[Highguard|Highborn]] theologian, returned from a [[Liao#true Liao|true liao]] vision. An account of the vision was recorded by the [[Seer of the Gateway]] and became public knowledge as part of [https://www.profounddecisions.co.uk/mediawiki-public/images/c/c5/EchoesoftheLabyrinth3-edition2.pdf Volume 3] of ''Echos of the Labyrinth''. Her statements were supported by her guide priest, Isaac of [[Sarvos]] - a close friend, fellow scholar, and member of the [[Courage]] [[Assembly#The_National_Assemblies|Assembly]]. She claimed to be the First Empress reborn, possessed of a Paragon soul returned from a place beyond the Labyrinth, which she called the "Land Without Tears", a golden land without pain and suffering.

Both these beliefs were considered highly contentious in some quarters. After receiving initial support in the Synod, opinion began to turn against Yael. By the summer of 381 YE, two years after her original vision, only the Highborn Assembly still stood by what she called her 'revelation', although she had pockets of support across the Empire. The General Assembly condemned her of heresy with a greater majority - she pled guilty, asked no clemency, and was executed by her Exarch's own hand.

'''OOC Note:''' The process of the Yaelian Schism is covered in a series of Winds of Fortune, including [[The Courageous Priest]] (Spring 380YE), [[Rebirth in Reikos]] (Summer 380YE), [[Pilgrimage]] (Autumn 380YE), [[Matter of faith]] (Winter 380YE), [[A spiritual prism]] (Spring 381YE), [[Death is not the end]] (Summer 381YE), and [[TBC]] (Winter 381YE).,
===The First Empress===
It is widely accepted that the First Empress was a paragon. However, to date, there has been no consensus as to which Virtue she followed to escape the Labyrinth of Ages. There are priests and pilgrims from each of the seven paths who claim that the weight of evidence supports that the First Empress was a paragon of their favoured path. There have been several attempts to identify archaeological evidence to settle this debate once and for all.

===The Unitarian Heresy===
Unitarians dispute the Doctrine of Seven, claiming that the Seven Paths are One Path. Unitarians point to the First Empress as a clear example of a Paragon of All Virtue. However, Investigative Theologians point to the inability of humans to Dedicate to two Virtues without loss of focus and that the consensus is that each Paragon followed a single path.

===The Recollectionist Heresy===
Recollectionists dispute the Doctrine of Reincarnation. They maintain that the visions granted by pure liao are not past lives, but are ancestral memories. That is, the vision is of the person’s distant genealogical relative rather than of the individual’s spirit reborn. One unproven byproduct of this claim is that exemplars would be reborn within family lines.

===The Humanist Heresy===
Humanists dispute the Doctrine of Reincarnation. They interpret pure liao visions as being from a pool of racial memories stored within human nature. This pool of natural memory is available to all humans and that there need not be a direct link between the vision and the one experiencing it.

===The Transcendant Heresy===
Transcendentalists dispute the Doctrine of Reincarnation by claiming that there is no Labyrinth of Ages. The human spirit, upon death, transcends the mortal and mundane to merge with other human spirits who have died. This merging of spirits is believed to form some kind of Great Spirit, a psychic entity that exists outside the mortal realm. They claim liao puts a person in contact with this Great Spirit and grants access to its store of memories and knowledge. Some claim that this psychic entity may even be the Creator Spirit itself, though this view is arguably Idolatry.

===The Atuman Controversy===
Atuman of Highguard, one of the legendary Navigators who steered the Highborn to this land, was held for several generations to be a paragon of Ambition. However, this claim was undermined by Aldones di Sarvos, one of the founders of the League, who described having a past life vision which revealed that he was Atuman reborn. Aldones later went on to be recognised as a paragon of Ambition. Some Highborn priests have claimed that Aldones lied about the vision to deny Atuman's paragonhood and spite Highguard, however League Bishops strongly decry this smear on Aldones' legacy. There have been several attempts to settle this controversy through archaeological or visionary means.

===The Abraxian Schism===
In life, [[Abraxus]] was a respected Pilgrim of the path of Wisdom and held by some to be an exemplar. However, he became a controversial figure when he claimed he had learned how to use pure liao to not only contact his past lives, but those he was yet to live. A large number of cryptic and prophetic scrolls are attributed to Abraxus . These are scattered and still highly sought after today.

===The Krydacian Blasphemy===
An Orc named Bloodhammer Krydak once famously claimed to be the reincarnation of Tian, paragon of Ambition. He was decried as a Blasphemer, for denying Tian's paragonhood and exalting his own inhumanity, but many who met Krydac found his words compelling. The Synod were pressured to meet with Krydak to evaluate his claim, but he was assassinated before this happened. Krydak remains a controversial figure to this day.

===The Scourger Heresy===
Scourgers dispute the Doctrine of Human Destiny and claim that the non-human races, such as Orcs, may be reincarnations of human spirits, but who have been warped and deformed by lack of Virtue and too long lost and wandering in the Labyrinth of Ages. They believe that those who sin greatly in life and lack virtue risk rebirth in an accursed and damned form.

===The Lucidian Blasphemy / Auran Idolatry===
Lucidianism arose in the spires of Urizen and believe that the creation of virtuous auras, through means such as consecration and anointing, actually interfere with the objective and rational pursuit of a Virtue. Some Lucidians go so far as to claim that such auras represent a form of Idolatry and are as inclined to exorcise a virtuous aura as a malign spiritual presence. This opposition to manifestations of Virtue has led other Priests, especially Highborn Wayfarers, to accuse Lucidians of Blasphemy against the Virtues. To date, the Lucidians remain a minority in the Synod.

===The Eternal Schism===
There have been several attempts by various Synods to craft a Doctrine relating to the Eternals and their Realms, but each has failed to build a consensus. The biggest divide is along Inclusionist and Exclusionist lines. The Inclusionists hold that the Eternal Realms are part of the wider Creation and that contact with Eternals is inevitable and unavoidable, and must be carefully managed, not unlike a plague or forest fire. The Exclusionists hold that the Eternal Realms exist outside of the true Creation and are akin to parasites attached to the mortal world. They claim humanity will never be truly free to realise its own destiny until all ties are severed.

===The Progenitor Idolatry===
Progenitorians dispute the Doctrine of the Creator by claiming the seeds of human destiny were deliberately planted by the Creator Spirit. They claim the Creator Spirit desires humanity to grow and reach its full potential so that they can commune with the Creator Spirit, and that paragons who have escaped the Labyrinth of Ages may do precisely this. This sect has been accused of skirting on the edges of Idolatry for implying that The Way of Virtue can be seen as the worship of the Creator Spirit.

===Miracles===
Tales of the earliest paragons contain some miraculous claims, such as Tian taking fire from the sun, and Kord cutting down an entire forest with a single axe. Some Priests maintain these tales are literally true and speak of the full potential of human destiny, whilst others maintain that the tales have grown in the telling whilst still providing insight into the ingenious application of virtue for prospering humanity.

===Egregores===
When the First Empress sought the creation of the [[Nationality#Egregore|Egregores]], she consulted the Synod. As Egregores are the manifestation of human consciousness and culture, they were deemed as being human magic, and so the Synod were entirely in favour. It was further recognised that Egregores owe their existence and form to the human nations and were thus subordinate to humans. Finally, it was concluded that as the Citizens embraced Virtue, so too the Egregores would mirror this and display virtue. The only dissent came from Exclusionists who hold that once the Eternal Realms are banished, so too must the Egregores depart.

===The Purification Heresy===
Purifiers dispute the Doctrine of Seven. There have been several Purification Sects across Imperial History, each of whom have sought to have all Citizens of a Nation Dedicate to a single Virtue. Included amongst various rationales has been a desire to see an Egregore of a Nation also be a magical Avatar of a Virtue as it reflects the Dedication of the Nation. Historically, Purification Sects have attained brief popularity before either imploding or losing momentum.

===Vitalism===
Vitalists believe that the qualities that aid one in the Labyrinth of Ages are not purely spiritual ones, and that physical qualities are important too. Part of the argument for this is that liao itself is a substance that is consumed, therefore what is consumed can have an impact on the soul. Vitalists do not always agree which physical qualities are the special ones. There are a number of variant regimens - a mixture of diets and/or excerises - which are held by those who follow them to aid the passage of the spirit through the Labyrinth of Ages. Vitalism only becomes blasphemy at the point that the practices are held as an alternative to living a virtuous life, instead of as a supplement to.

===The Excessionist Heresy===
Excessionists claim that too much of a Virtue can be as bad as too little. This conflicts with the Orthodox teaching that the Virtues are pure and the key to human destiny. The charge is levelled against Excessionists that they are making excuses for their own shortcomings and failings in embracing the virtues in their strongest and purest senses.

===The Realmist Heresy===
Realmism is the belief that the Labyrinth of Ages is actually a [[Realms|Realm]] akin to Night or Day, albeit one that is not accessible via the Hall of Worlds in any known manner. Some have even expected that paragons actually go on to become Eternals of this spiritual realm. In response to Realmists, the Synod created the Doctrine of the Labyrinth which refutes this teaching.

===Further Reading===
*[[The Way|The Way of Virtue]]
*[[Imperial Theology]]
** [[Liao]]
** [[The Doctrines of the Faith]]
** [[Signs of the paragon and exemplar]]
** [[Schisms and Heresies]]
** [[Investigative Theology]]

*[[Imperial Synod]]
*[[Religious skills]]
*[[Religious Crimes]]
*[[Recent history|Recent History]]

[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Create law of protection for humans in Mournwold

2017-08-23T19:09:25Z

JonC:

__NOTOC__

<ic>Humans of the Mourn (excluding the Feni) are hereby afforded full protection under law. 
Proposed by Mitwold, Seconded by Morrow.</ic>

===Overview===
* Passed

===Date===
* Summer 381YE

===Campaign Outcome===
* Humans of the Mourn who are not Feni will receive legal protection as if they were a [[Imperial_Law_Overview|foreigner.]]

===Constitution===
* It is noted by the court that there are a number of humans fighting for the Jotun in the Mourn. This causes a legal contradiction in that those with whom the Empire is at war ordinarily have no [[Imperial_Law_Overview|legal protection]]. In practice if humans line up in battle against the Empire imperial soldiers will normally be protected by the law of self-defence. However it should be noted that this defence involves a "reasonableness" test which now potentially places the conduct of soldiers under the scrutiny of the magistrates. Furthermore there may be other, far less clear cut, situations that may arise during the Mourn campaign.
*The use of the phrase "Humans of the Mourn" means that barbarian humans whose homes are outside the Mourn wouldn't be given legal protection but humans living in the Mourn would (even if they were outside of the Mourn).
[[Category: Senate Motion]]

Create law of protection for humans in Mournwold

2017-08-23T18:59:27Z

JonC: scrutiny

__NOTOC__
{{Scrutiny}}

<ic>Humans of the Mourn (excluding the Feni) are hereby afforded full protection under law. 
Proposed by Mitwold, Seconded by Morrow.</ic>

===Overview===
* Passed

===Date===
* Summer 381YE

===Campaign Outcome===
* Humans in the Mourn who are not Feni will receive legal protection as if they were a [[Imperial_Law_Overview|foreigner.]]

===Constitution===
* It is noted by the court that there are a number of humans fighting for the Jotun in the Mourn. This causes a legal contradiction in that those with whom the Empire is at war ordinarily have no [[Imperial_Law_Overview|legal protection]]. In practice if humans line up in battle against the Empire imperial soldiers will normally be protected by the law of self-defence. However it should be noted that this defence involves a "reasonableness" test which now potentially places the conduct of soldiers under the scrutiny of the magistrates. Furthermore there may be other, far less clear cut, situations that may arise during the Mourn campaign.

[[Category: Senate Motion]]

The Throne addresses the Empire

2017-07-23T21:23:31Z

JonC: address link added

<ic>The Throne announces, through her power of Voice of the Empire, that she shall address the citizens of the Empire following the spring solstice summit of 381YE.
 
Announced by Empress Lisabetta</ic>

===Overview===
* The Throne has announced their intent to use their power to [[The_Throne#Address_the_Empire|Address the Empire]]

===Date===
* Spring 381YE

===Progress===
* The Empress made an [[In_Virtue_and_Reason_(Imperial_Address)|address]] following the spring solstice summit of 381YE.

[[Category: Senate Motion]]

Construct Grand Conservatory of Music

2017-07-23T20:16:32Z

JonC:

__NOTOC__
<ic>To construct a Grand Conservatory of Music in the territory of Redoubt to match the Pride of Urizen in creating the enchantment of Art and Culture upon the Empire and to continue to foster our Pride in both our music and our magic.
 
Proposed by Morrow, Seconded by Hercynia</ic>

===Overview===
* A [[great work]] in [[Redoubt]] to take advantage of the [[In_brightest_day#The_Power_to_Exalt|opportunity]] that presented itself during the [[In brightest day|period]] of inspiration.
* Passed

===Date===
* Spring 381YE

===Cost===
* 15 wains of white granite
* 5 wains of weirwood
* 5 thrones in labour costs
* 3 months to construct

===Progress===
* 15 wains of white granite, 5 wains of weirwood and 5 thrones provided by Ariadne after Spring Equinox 381YE.

===Campaign Outcome===
* This great work will provide 15 [[liao]] and 30 votes in the [[Imperial Synod]] spread amongst the citizens of [[Redoubt]] dedicated to [[Pride]] who own [[congregation|congregations]] each season, following attendance at the Anvil Summit.

[[Category: Senate Motion]]

Appoint Sumaah Ambassador III

2017-07-23T19:57:11Z

JonC:

__NOTOC__

<ic>Motion to appoint an ambassador to the Sumaah Republic
 
Proposed by Karov, Seconded by Kallavesa</ic>

===Overview===
* This motion appoints a citizen to the position of Ambassador to the Sumaah Republic and to have the [[Authority]] to deal with the [[Sumaah Republic]] on behalf of the Empire.

===Date===
* Spring 381YE

===Campaign Outcome===
* Vera Runova Helgrod was re-appointed [[Ambassador to the Sumaah Republic]]

[[Category: Senate Motion]]

Imperial Constitution

2017-07-23T19:47:29Z

JonC: amended to reflect change spring 381

==Overview==
The Constitution was produced at the dawn of the Empire, by the First Empress and her supporters. It is a set of axioms which dictate how the Empire can be governed and the rights of the nations of the Empire and their citizens. Although it is possible to change the Constitution, it is intentionally difficult to do so and impossible until The Throne is occupied. Even then, the NPCs of the [[Scrutiny#Constitutional_Court|Constitutional Court]] must ratify any changes to the constitution or to the way it is interpreted.

==Purpose==
The point of the Constitution is to ensure that Empire remains an enjoyable game to play. Senators have wide ranging powers to change the laws of the Empire, but the Constitution exists to reduce the chance that they use these powers to make the game less enjoyable. It inhibits players from reducing the complexity of the political system and tries to prevent them using undue power in the Senate to punitively victimize disenfranchised groups. Ultimately the Constitution limits the powers of players in the interest of keeping the game fun. Any attempt to change the constitution which we believe will adversely affect the enjoyment of the game will not be ratified by the [[Scrutiny#Constitutional_Court|Constitutional Court]] .

==The Imperial Constitution==
<ic>
In concord with the representatives of our great nations, we declare the founding of our Empire[[#24|(24)]]. Let us be joined together by common destiny; to build a great Empire; to serve and protect its people; to let them prosper and achieve greatness and spread across the face of Creation together in unity.

Let this constitution set out the strong principles upon which our Empire will be founded; to serve as the solid base upon which we will build our glorious undertaking; and to mandate the responsibilities and duties of our people, our nations and our Imperial future.

By signing these accords of Empire we[[#1|(1)]] agree to be joined in a single union to be governed in accordance with the principles of this constitution.

We shall be united in law and policy, but free to maintain the traditions that have made each of us strong. The nations of our Empire will be embodied by the spirit of an egregore, created to preserve its essential character. Our Empire will recognize as citizens those whose oath to accept the culture of a nation; to honour the virtues of the Way, and to support the laws of the Empire[[#2|(2)]], is accepted by those egregore.

To these citizens we will guarantee dignity[[#3|(3)]], freedom[[#4|(4)]], and prosperity[[#5|(5)]]. Each citizen that owns land or property will tithe annually wealth equal to a single crown[[#6|(6)]] to be used in service of the Empire that protects them. Citizens shall not hold more than one high office at a time and must exercise their powers in person[[#7|(7)]]; those whose virtue causes them to be offered numerous Imperial titles must choose between them. In this way no citizen shall accumulate so much responsibility that they consider themselves better than their fellows.

The Throne shall lead the Empire and represent her in all things. It shall be a beacon to her people and a terror to her enemies. Whenever the Throne sits in the great councils laid out in this constitution, then their voice shall carry the greatest weight[[#8|(8)]].

The Civil Service shall serve The Throne and the people, and be bound in oaths of loyalty to the Empire[[#9|(9)]]. They will be civil in their dealings and treat each citizen by their virtues, without prejudice or favour regardless of wealth, nationality or title. They will choose amongst them those who will serve as magistrates, to ensure the law is a friend to no-one but instead the servant and the master of all.

The Senate shall ensure the good governance of the Empire. The Senate will assume responsibility for relations with other nations, for the creation of just laws and for the allocation of Imperial taxes as the Senate sees fit, by majority vote. The confirmation of the Empress's[[#10|(10)]] right to occupy the Throne requires the approval of the greater majority of senators[[#11|(11)]]. Matters of similar weight[[#12|(12)]] require similar consideration and the approval of the Throne and must be ratified by the magistrates to ensure that this constitution is protected[[#13|(13)]].

Each territory of the Empire[[#14|(14)]] will elect a single senator to participate in the Senate, according to the traditions of the nation that claims it. Territorial nationality shall be decided by vote of the existing Senate, where it is legitimately disputed[[#15|(15)]].

The Military Council shall ensure the rigorous defence of the Empire. Each nation in the Empire will raise armies as directed by the Senate. The Senate will appoint a general for each army, but only where the will of the nation in this matter is not clear[[#16|(16)]]. The Military Council will execute the strategy of war without interference from the Senate. If the Throne finds complaint with the worst of their number then she may carry the burden of their office until an acceptable replacement may be found.

The Civil Service will ensure that those who soldier to defend our Empire will be equipped and provisioned to meet this challenge. Citizens who render two year's service to the Military Council will receive 50 acres of land or equivalent wealth or property if land is not to be had.

The Synod shall ensure the virtuous behaviour of the Empire. The Synod will remove from Imperial office those whose behaviour is deemed unvirtuous whether they sit upon the Throne; serve the people in the Senate or on the Military Council or in the Civil Service; or serve within the councils of the Synod itself.[[#17|(17)]] The Synod will ensure the behaviour of individual citizens does not debase the Empire.

Those who stand in the Synod shall express the views of their congregation. The Synod will establish assemblies that each may know their virtue and select the most virtuous amongst them to lead. Voting in the Synod will be performed by such assemblies as are rightfully able to weigh the virtue of an action or individual, in accord with their nationality and authority. The civil service will render to these priests such liao as is needed to minister to their congregation. The Throne and those amongst them with the greatest virtue will be given True Liao to distribute as they see fit, excepting one dose which shall be rendered to whichever citizen has demonstrated the greatest prosperity, in service of the Synod.

The Conclave[[#18|(18)]] shall ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. They will identify those arcane practitioners whose arts work against the Empire, so that they may be condemned. The Conclave will accord a voice to those citizens who demonstrate command of magic and demonstrate the necessary commitment to the authority of the Conclave. The Conclave will appoint leaders who will assist in the allocation of such resources as are needed to further its aims; it shall be guided by fraternities of magicians under the general aegis of the Senate, and without interference from the Synod[[#19|(19)]].

The Bourse[[#20|(20)]] shall control access to those resources that are essential to the prosperity of any great empire. Appointment to the Bourse shall be established by auction and shall be free of all interference of the Senate, or from the Synod[[#21|(21)]]. Such resources as are already controlled by the Imperial nations shall remain in the careful custody of those Nations; those that are discovered or conquered after the founding of the Empire may be eligible to any Imperial citizens. The funds raised by the Bourse through distribution of its estates will remit what profit they can support to the Senate[[#22|(22)]].

No coin may be accepted that has not been produced in the Mint[[#23|(23)]] and which does not bear the rightful stamp of The Throne.

By these principles, councils, and virtues we agree to be governed in perpetuity; not as chains of unchanging servitude, but as inspiration to exalt us and drive our great endeavour.
</ic>

==Commentary on the constitution==
# {{anchor|1}}One copy of the Imperial Constitution was created for each of the eight nations present at the creation of the Empire. Further copies were created when Urizen and later the Imperial Orcs joined the Empire. All original copies of the constitution are stored in the capital in Highguard.
#{{anchor|2}}The wording to “support the laws” rather than simply uphold or obey the laws is used to justify the requirement for all citizens to render all reasonable service to a magistrate when required.
#{{anchor|3}}The guarantee of citizens' “dignity” is always invoked when citizens or senators attempt to propose motions or laws that would restrict or require particular dress codes or speech. It is occasionally seen as a rebuke for individuals who are perceived to be wasting the Senate's time with frivolous motions.
#{{anchor|4}}The guarantee of citizens' “freedom” ensures that slavery of Imperial citizens is illegal throughout the Empire, but it also prevents incarceration for crimes committed, a punishment common in some foreign nations. The guarantees originally only extended to Imperial citizens, but the joining of the Imperial Orcs to the Empire was conditional on this protection being extended to all ‘people’. It required a constitutional vote of the Senate to change the interpretation of the Constitution such that that guarantee of “freedom” was taken to outlaw all slavery.
#{{anchor|5}}The guarantee of citizens' “prosperity” is presented by nations like the League and the Brass Coast as proof that the Empress intended citizens to be able to pursue their own wealth and prosperity without consideration for the Empire itself. It has been used countless times to rule unconstitutional motions and laws intended to raise additional taxes for the Senate or to seize control of the estates of the Bourse. As a result taxation remains fixed at levels laid out in the constitution.
#{{anchor|6}}In the original document this amount was rendered as “a measure of silver coin” but was amended when [[Emperor Giovanni]] founded the Imperial Mint and the Empire moved to the modern [[currency]] of rings, crowns and thrones.
#{{anchor|7}}“No citizen shall hold more than one high office at a time” expresses the clear restriction that no citizen can hold two offices of state at one time. All attempts to define individual Imperial titles and positions as outside this restriction have always been ruled to be unconstitutional.
#{{anchor|8}}The phrase “their voice shall carry the greatest weight” has changed interpretation twice since the beginning of the Empire. In the Senate and the Military Council The Throne may veto any motion or vote that has just passed. They may vote normally in the Assembly of Nine but are able to cast an additional deciding vote in the event of any tie. The Throne has never held a position in the Conclave or the Bourse, which allegedly reflects the lesser status of these bodies compared with the Senate, Military Council and Synod. The Bourse does not take decisions as a body, but the Conclave categorically does. Critics of the current situation claim that The Throne's absence from The Conclave reflects the fact that the First Empress possessed no magical abilities; but this raises the prospect of how any occupant of The Throne who did not possess magical abilities might sit in council there. In theory The Throne might nominate a magician to sit in their place, but scholars point out that this would run counter to the spirit of the constitution which requires a citizen be present if they wish to act in their name. In all cases the clause that The Throne must be present to exert their powers remains pivotal. Emperors and Empresses have regularly been forced to choose in which council they will sit; although their power is considerable, it cannot be used after the fact. 
#{{anchor|9}}“Oaths of loyalty to the Empire” - this paragraph establishes the role of the Civil Service. These oaths are rarely spoken of in public, but they are believed to include powerful hearth magic that guarantees the probity of those who serve.
#{{anchor|10}}Although the wording is the same on all copies of the constitution, citizens of any gender are able to assume the Throne.
#{{anchor|11}}Most motions before the Senate are decided by majority vote of those Senators present. The “greater majority of Senators” requires the support of two-thirds of all the senators of the Empire, whether or not they are present or have even been elected.
#{{anchor|12}}“Matters of similar weight” is taken to indicate any law or ruling that would change the constitution or its interpretation, or change the balance of powers between the different bodies of the Empire. The practical implication of this is that while the constitution can be changed, the the Senate may only do so by a vote of the greater majority (commonly referred to as a constitutional vote).
#{{anchor|13}}“Founding principles are protected” empowers the Magistrates to refuse to allow changes to the law and the constitution which are deemed to not be in accordance with the founding principles of the Empire. There have been three attempts by the Senate and the Throne to force through the implementation of laws that were deemed unconstitutional since the founding of the Empire; two attempts to increase taxation in the Empire and one attempt to limit the power of the Synod. All three attempts were firmly rebuffed by the Civil Service and were ultimately abandoned.
#{{anchor|14}}The Civil Service use a combination of magic and essential geographic features like rivers and mountain ranges to identify a territory. These are divided into regions. The civil service define a “territory of the Empire” as any territory where the majority of the regions in the territory are under Imperial control. Any territory where the majority of regions are not under Imperial control does not receive representation in the Senate.
#{{anchor|15}}The nationality of a conquered territory has only been disputed once in the history of the Empire, when the city of Holberg surrendered to the League, after the surrounding regions were conquered by Dawnish forces. The ensuing Senate vote confirmed that Holberg would be treated as a League territory. Attempts by Dawnish senators to introduce a motion to over-turn this decision in Dawn's favour were ruled to be unconstitutional, due to the absence of any factors that meant that Holberg's status was “legitimately disputed”.
#{{anchor|16}}The “will of the Nation” is taken to mean the unanimous decision of the senators appointed to represent that nation in the Senate. Only where a unanimous decision cannot be reached does the appointment of the generals fall to a majority vote of the whole Senate.
#{{anchor|17}}The Synod have in the past removed senators, generals, cardinals, civil servants and even an [[Empress_Brannan|empress]]. They do not have the ability to remove the officers of the Conclave; neither do they have the ability to remove citizens from seats on the Bourse.
#{{anchor|18}}These provisions regarding the Conclave were added during the reign of Emperor Giovanni the Peacemaker. Previous references to the Conclave were aspirational - “We shall establish a body of magicians to use magic to strengthen and protect the Empire.” It was not until Giovanni brought the Urizen into the Empire that the Conclave in its current form took shape.
#{{anchor|19}}The Orders of the Conclave are created and dissolved by the Senate, rather than the Synod. The magicians who helped to form the Conclave were adamant in their belief that they should serve the Empire, not the Synod. In theory, a constitutional change could be used to grant the Synod powers over the Conclave, but to date no such attempts have been successful.
#{{anchor|20}}These provisions regarding the Bourse were added during the reign of Emperor Giovanni the Peacemaker. Previous references to the Bourse were aspirational - “We shall establish a market to protect the economic interest of the citizens from those who would exploit or tax them in the name of good government.”
#{{anchor|21}}Although the Bourse enjoys immunity from revocation (like the Conclave), its members are still subject to excommunication, as this power is considered to be used against the individual - not the office they hold.
#{{anchor|22}}The paragraph about resources was added during the reign of Empress Mariika, who oversaw an extensive modification of the role and responsibility of the Bourse. She ensured that the profits raised by auctions in the Bourse went to the Senatorial treasury.
#{{anchor|23}}In the original document this amount was rendered as “a measure of silver coin” but was amended when Emperor Giovanni founded the Imperial Mint and the Empire moved to the modern [[currency]] of rings, crowns and thrones.
#{{anchor|24}}In the original document this wording was "In concord with the representatives of the great nation of humanity, we declare the founding of our Empire." It was [[Amend_the_Imperial_Constitution|amended]] by a constitutional vote in Spring 381.

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

List of Criminal Offences

2017-07-08T13:29:01Z

JonC:

==Overview==
The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law usually refers to a "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. Any exceptions to this are referred to explicitly in the definitions below e.g. for treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a person.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that persons who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a person.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a person which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a person against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person. The direct [[Amend_crime_of_slavery|purchase]] and sale of slaves is also illegal but this does not encompass the repatriation or ransoming of Imperial citizens.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another person or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. The blasphemous [[:Category:Musical_Instruments|musical instruments]] known as Drums of Strife, Harbinger of Chaos, and Horns of Madness are also illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason. There is some magistrate's guidance on interactions with eternals [[treason guidance|here]]. We do not prosecute bona fide ransoms for exchange of prisoners as such prosecutions are judged not to be within the imperial interest.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Those who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause), a failure to attend lawful inquisition and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the paragons and the paths of virtue. This includes promoting false virtues and the teachings, or example, of false exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting false doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created virtuous auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas and objects, and on those people who do not wished them removed The magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a person reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If someone wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal trial|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Imperial law

2017-07-08T12:02:16Z

JonC: typo

{{CaptionedImage|file=Empire E4 2015 - 5191 - Copy.jpg|title=Magistrate Reinholz|caption=A magistrate of the Empire at work|align=left|width=250}}

==Overview==
Imperial Law is the body of law which has been created by the [[Imperial Senate]] and which extends the principles laid down in the [[Imperial Constitution]]. The law is prosecuted by magistrates, members of the [[Imperial Civil Service]] who are trained in Imperial jurisprudence. Magistrates act as judges during trials, determining guilt and sentencing and are able to deputise individuals to help them enforce the laws. The Throne and members of the [[Imperial Synod]] may appeal for clemency on behalf of the accused to obtain a reduced sentence.

==Magistrates and trials==
The implementation of the Law is overseen by the magistrates. They instigate an investigation into any potential crimes they are aware of; any character who believes a crime has been committed may bring the matter to the attention of a magistrate. The magistrates have far-reaching legal powers to allow them to go anywhere in the Empire and demand an audience with any citizen, similar to those possessed by the Synod. The magistrates may also deputise citizens to act on their behalf, either to gather evidence or to arrest a suspect.

Trials are [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisitorial_system inquisitorial] rather than [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adversarial_system adversarial]. There are no juries and no barristers. Trials are conducted by the magistrate who weighs the evidence and determines guilt and the accused is expected to speak in their own defence. The magistrate has the authority to silence anyone from speaking in their court and will use this power to ensure that trials remain short and dramatic.

Modern legal frameworks do not apply. There is no right to silence; if the accused refuses to answer a question, the magistrate may make an adverse inference about their guilt. Hearsay and circumstantial evidence are admissible. If a person has been murdered late at night, reports that the accused is known to dislike the accused may be weighted as evidence.

If the magistrate finds the accused guilty then they will proceed to sentencing. If the accused has pleaded guilty, a member of the [[Imperial Synod]] may submit a plea for clemency on their behalf. The plea must be based on Virtuous grounds; that is they must establish that the accused was acting virtuously, albeit illegally, when they committed their actions.

Magistrates have considerable power but are known to be bound by powerful magical oaths to uphold the spirit of the Law. As such they are considered to be above reproach. Their decisions may be incorrect - they are not infallible - but they are known to be absolutely impartial and honest.

==Purpose==
The point of the Law is to attempt to create a game in which there is a strong effective legal sanction against theft and murder. The goal is to create a convincing, compelling and original setting and also to encourage the majority of player-vs-player activity in the game to remain political rather than murderous. By making murder difficult to get away with, we hope to ensure that it is the least attractive option open to a player in dealing with their political enemies, rather than the most attractive option. The goal of Empire is to focus on a high degree of political interaction between players but have the balance of combat take place between players and monsters.

All magistrates will be NPCs, so that they work solely towards the goal of making the Law be trustworthy and effective. Any player character in this role would be minded to have other in-character considerations, other than to promote the game. The magistrates are also briefed to ensure that trials remain short and sweet, rather than running on interminably which is common in situations where they are not rigorously controlled.

Because the magistrates primary role is to make the law effective, they will ''never'' be used to run plot around corruption or other themes. They can be swayed by clever or charismatic testimony but they cannot be bribed, blackmailed or browbeaten.

==Not About Conduct==
Imperial law is purely in-character - it is part of the setting and breaking the law naturally leads to in-character consequences, such as pursuit by the militia and a potential trial. The legal system is designed to make some activities - like murder - dangerous - to try to build the sense of a functioning society, but that doesn't mean that those activities fall outside the out-of-character purview of the game.

However Empire also has a set of out-of-character rules for [[conduct]] that describe how players are expected to behave at events. These rules are categorically not part of Imperial law, because they are out-of-character - for example in-character racism (hating orcs or briars) is perfectly acceptable in Empire, is encouraged in the game and is not illegal. Out-of-character discrimination against members of real world minority groups is not permitted - players who witness a breach of the out-of-character game rules should refer the matter to Profound Decisions, the incident will be dealt with out-of-character means, not via the militia and the magistrates.

==Further Reading==
*[[Imperial Law Overview|Overview of Imperial law]]
*[[Officers of the Law]].
*[[Criminal trial|Criminal Trial]].
*[[Civil Claims]].
*[[List of Criminal Offences]].
*[[Imperial Constitution]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Fortify Reikos

2017-06-11T20:48:54Z

JonC:

<ic>To construct a fortification in Reikos

Proposed by Bastion, Seconded by Upwold</ic>
__NOTOC__
===Overview===
* A [[Fortification|fortification]] built in Broken Ride, [[Reikos]] taking advantage of the [[opportunity]] detailed [[Tears_in_the_rain#Opportunity_:_Remember_Exile|here]]
* Passed

===Date===
* Winter 380YE

===Cost===
* 160 wains of white granite
* 45 thrones in labour costs
* 12 months to construct
* 12 thrones in ongoing upkeep

===Progress===
* 20 wains of white granite and 5 thrones provided by Brother Ibrahim the South Paw after Winter Solstice 380YE.

[[Category: Senate Motion]]

List of Criminal Offences

2017-05-22T21:26:50Z

JonC:

==Overview==
The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law usually refers to a "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. Any exceptions to this are referred to explicitly in the definitions below e.g. for treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a person.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that persons who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a person.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a person which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a person against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person. The direct [[Amend_crime_of_slavery|purchase]] and sale of slaves is also illegal but this does not encompass the repatriation or ransoming of Imperial citizens.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another person or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. The blasphemous [[:Category:Musical_Instruments|musical instruments]] known as Drums of Strife, Harbinger of Chaos, and Horns of Madness are also illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason. There is some magistrate's guidance on interactions with eternals [[treason guidance|here]].
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Those who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause), a failure to attend lawful inquisition and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the paragons and the paths of virtue. This includes promoting false virtues and the teachings, or example, of false exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting false doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created virtuous auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas and objects, and on those people who do not wished them removed The magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a person reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If someone wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal trial|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

List of Criminal Offences

2017-05-22T21:25:20Z

JonC: amended law of desecration post winter 380

==Overview==
The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law usually refers to a "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. Any exceptions to this are referred to explicitly in the definitions below e.g. for treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a person.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that persons who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a person.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a person which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a person against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person. The direct [[Amend_crime_of_slavery|purchase]] and sale of slaves is also illegal but this does not encompass the repatriation or ransoming of Imperial citizens.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another person or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. The blasphemous [[:Category:Musical_Instruments|musical instruments]] known as Drums of Strife, Harbinger of Chaos, and Horns of Madness are also illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason. There is some magistrate's guidance on interactions with eternals [[treason guidance|here]].
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Those who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause), a failure to attend lawful inquisition and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the paragons and the paths of virtue. This includes promoting false virtues and the teachings, or example, of false exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting false doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created virtuous auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas and objects, and those people who do not wished them removed The magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a person reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If someone wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal trial|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Treason guidance

2017-04-19T21:47:29Z

JonC:

==Legal treatment of dealings with eternals==

When a citizen is accused of committing treason with an eternal (or herald) it is not uncommon for there to be little evidence of what actually transpired. Consequently magistrates follow some simple guidelines.

If magistrates have satisfactory evidence regarding an interaction between a citizen and an eternal (or herald) then they will judge that evidence to determine if [[List_of_Criminal_Offences|treason]] was committed or not.

If there is no satisfactory evidence (because it was a secret meeting or similar) then if the meeting was with an eternal under amity or neutral then (in the absence of evidence to the contrary) the magistrates will presume everything was above board.

However, if the meeting was with an eternal under [[Amity_and_enmity#Enmity|enmity]] then:
*for an archmage (or similar titleholder) interacting with their realm of responsibility the magistrates will presume that they were just doing their job; but
*the magistrates may draw an adverse inference against anyone else. If so this is likely to lead to a conviction for treason.

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Archmage

2017-04-19T21:46:38Z

JonC: link to treason guidance

{{CaptionedImage|file=MandalaMagicians.jpg|title=Archmagi|caption=Costume by [Mandala Studios] for £30 kit challenge|align=left|width=243|height=320}}
==Overview==
Archmage is an Imperial title bestowed upon a [[Magical skills#Magician|magician]] by the members of the Conclave. There are six archmagi in the Conclave; one for each of the magical realms. They serve as a focal point for ritualists of that realm, as well as helping to guide the use of the Conclave's resources.

The six archmagi match the six realms into which magic is divided. Where the influence of a [[grandmaster]] is primarily political, the archmagi are responsible for attending to the magical business of the Conclave. They are assumed by the [[Imperial Senate|Senate]], the [[Military Council]], foreign dignitaries and [[Eternals]] alike to be well-versed in the capabilities and lore of their Realm. The archmagi are often seen as the public faces of the Conclave; they are the individuals most likely to be consulted by other Imperial bodies when they wish to know what magical possibilities exist.

Each archmage is addressed by their title and the name of the Realm of magic they stand for - ''Tavistock, Archmage of Spring'' or ''Archmage Reyon d'Esange of Summer''. The title archmage comes originally from [[Urizen]], a development of the title [[Urizen magical traditions#Magi|mage]].

==Responsibilities==
The six archmagi are responsible for attending to the magical business of the Conclave. They represent the Empire to the eternals, and vice versa. They also work with magicians versed in the ritual magic of their realm to expand the Empire's understanding and power in that realm, and employ it to the advantage of Imperial citizens.

==Powers==
Each archmage position is an [[Imperial title]] in the [[Imperial Conclave|Conclave]].

===Addressing the Conclave===
Once per summit, an archmage can raise an [[Conclave address|address]] to the [[Conclave_session#Setting_the_Agenda|agenda]] of a [[Conclave session]] for free. This power is ''intended'' to be used to let an archmage appraise the Conclave of a magical problem or development related to their realm of mastery, but the archmage is free to address the Conclave however they wish.
{{CaptionedImage|file=ExuberantBriar.jpg |align=right|width=500|caption=The archmagi act as ambassadors to the Eternals of their realm.}}

===Plenipotentiary===
Each archmage is expected to represent the Empire to the eternals of their realm, and vice versa. While it is perfectly legal and extremely common for individual citizens to speak with [[Treason_guidance|almost all]] eternals and their heralds, the archmages are the closest the Empire has to having a formal representative with [[authority]] like that of an [[Embassy|ambassador]]. Most eternals understand that the archmage is a representative of the Empire and look to them for assistance on formal matters. The majority of eternals will meet with the appropriate archmage before meeting with other magicians, and will sometimes ask the archmage to be present at any meeting. They also instruct their heralds to look to the archmage for support and protection should it be necessary.

To empower them to carry out their work, each archmage may choose to send a missive of up to 313 words to a single named eternal of their realm each summit. This message is ''guaranteed'' to reach the eternal. No eternal who wishes to maintain relations with the Empire will fail to respond to the missive - even if those relations are currently strained.

It is impossible to predict with certainty what form the response will take. Usually an eternal that is well-inclined to the Empire - or is agreeable to the wording will make contact with the archmage at the following summit - possibly creating a chamber connected to the hall of worlds or more likely sending a herald as an envoy. If the eternal is hostile to the Empire - or is insulted by the content of the message - then their response may be aggressive or dangerous as reflects their nature.

The nature of the missive is such that it serves as a powerful invitation making it easier for the eternal to respond. An eternal who is sent a missive by an archmage of the Conclave is able to enter the Hall of Worlds at the next summit regardless of any state of emnity that may exist. It is not unknown for an eternal to take the opportunity to appear with their entourage in the Hall of Worlds in parlay, though most choose a more low-key response. A peaceful response is not the only option however though it is exceptionally rare for an eternal to respond with force.

To send a missive, the archmage must cast open portal on the portal at the back of the Hall of Worlds and cast their message into the portal when it opens. Attempts by other characters to send missives in this way will fail, as will any attempt to send more than one missive per summit, or a missive longer than 313 words.

it is not illegal for an archmage to use the power of plenipotentiary to send a missive to an eternal who is under [[Amity_and_enmity|enmity]], although it is possible that the contents of such a missive might constitute a crime.

===Parlay===
If an eternal chooses, they respond to a missive sent by an archmage with a formal parlay that takes place in the Hall of Worlds. The civil service will be aware of the timing of the parlay and will communicate the information to everyone attending the summit through the normal means.

A formal parlay follows similar rules to those that [[Conclave_session#Speaking_before_the_Conclave|govern speech during a Conclave session]]. The archmage cannot forbid entry to the Hall of Worlds during the parlay but the laws of Conclave mean that no mage may is permitted to speak unless they are granted permission by the archmage with whom the eternal has come to treat. A violations of parlay by a citizen is prosecuted as an act of subversion against the state - but this may be the least of the magician's concerns if the eternal chooses to take offense at this breech of protocol.

Like the missive, the parlay is bound by powerful oaths that govern it. These solemn oaths bind both parties, prohibiting them from acts of violence - if the eternal or the Empire were to break this contract, the hearth magic of the oath would likely exact a terrible price. An eternal that does not request a formal parlay is not bound by this oath and is free to respond to a missive in any way it chooses.

it is not illegal for an archmage to engage in a parlay with an eternal under enmity, but otherwise the usual rules apply. An archmage who parlays with an eternal under enmity must be scrupulous in their conduct if they wish to avoid investigation for potential [[List_of_Criminal_Offences#Crimes_of_Position|treason]].

===Master of Magic===
In situations where it is unclear if a specific act of magic breaches a [[Declaration#Declaration of interdiction|Declaration of interdiction]] or association with a herald or eternal breaches a [[Declaration#Declaration of Enmity|Declaration of Enmity]] an Imperial Magistrate may issue a formal request for the appropriate archmage to provide a ruling. Control of the judicial process remains with the Magistrate, but the Archmage's ruling on whether the act is a breach of the relevant declaration is binding.

An archmage is legally obligated to provide a ruling when requested by a magistrate or else to direct the magistrate to another archmage better able to clarify the situation.

===Regalia of the Archmage===
Each archmage receives a [[#Staff of the Archmage|staff]], a [[#Chain of Aesch|chain]] and a [[#Belt of Stars|belt]] when they take the title. Together these are referred to as the regalia of the archmage. These items are re-enchanted each year. If an archmage loses their position, then the items must be given to the new archmage. If part of the regalia is lost or stolen it may be replaced depending on the resources available to the Conclave; otherwise it remains lost until the next Winter solstice when a replacement is made. Theft of part of an archmage's regalia is a very serious business. Archmagi are encouraged to take all appropriate precautions to keep these items safe (such as arranging for someone with access to the [[Reading the Weave]] ritual to bond the item to them).

The regalia is created by a reclusive order of [[Dawn|Dawnish]] [[Crafting skills#Artisan|artisans]] in [[Weirwater]] who pledged themselves to this task in the first years of the Conclave.

====Staff of the Archmage====
The archmage takes custody of the ceremonial staff of the archmage. Each of the staffs of the archmagi is a [[Magic_items#Weapons|ritual staff]], appropriate to the realm of the archmage, which grants two additional ranks of the appropriate [[Magical skills#Realm Lore|realm lore]] skill.

====Chain of Aesh====
The chains are magical items that can be used to empower ritual magic, and are bound to the archmage in the same manner as other magical [[Magic_items#Talismans|talismans]]. Once per event the archmage can evoke the power of their chain before a ritual from their Realm is performed to reduce the effective magnitude of that ritual by 10. The archmage does not need to be a participant or contributor to the ritual, they only need to be present; likewise, they do not need to be of the same nation as the coven they are using the chain to assist.

====Belt of Stars====
The belt allows an archmage to help different covens work together. Once each summit, they can invoke it to allow multiple covens from the same nation to co-operate on a single ritual from the archmage's realm of magic. This counts as a daily ritual use by each coven involved in the ritual, and while the covens may perform a ritual together, they are still treated as separate covens for all other purposes (for example, a ritual that affects an entire coven will only affect one target coven). Each coven can use their own [[Magic_items#Paraphernalia|paraphenalia]] while performing a joint ritual. The target covens must all be from the same nation but that does not have to be the same nation as the archmage invoking the belt.

Any ritual performed with the power of the belt of stars takes an extra minute to perform for each additional coven involved.

==Selection==
The appointment, replacement or removal of an archmage is made by [[Declaration#Declaration Of Candidacy|declaration of candidacy]] as part of the [[Conclave session|agenda of a Conclave session]]. A candidate can be presented for the post of archmage only once a season.

==Removal==
An archmage serves until they are replaced by another magician using the Declaration of Candidacy. An archmage cannot be [[Revocation|revoked]] by any assembly of the [[Imperial Synod]].

[[Category:Conclave]]
[[Category:Imperial Titles]]

Treason guidance

2017-04-19T21:42:24Z

JonC: tags

==Legal treatment of dealings with eternals==

When a citizen is accused of committing treason with an eternal (or herald) it is not uncommon for there to be little evidence of what actually transpired. Consequently magistrates follow some simple guidelines.

If magistrates have satisfactory evidence regarding an interaction between a citizen and an eternal (or herald) then they will judge that evidence to determine if [[List_of_Criminal_Offences|treason]] was committed or not.

If there is no satisfactory evidence (because it was a secret meeting or similar) then if the meeting was with an eternal under amity or neutral then (in the absence of evidence to the contrary) the magistrates will presume everything was above board.

However, if the meeting was with an eternal under [[Amity_and_enmity#Enmity|enmity]] then:
*for an archmage (or similar titleholder) interacting with their realm of responsibility the magistrates will presume that they were just doing their job; but
*the magistrates may draw an adverse inference against anyone else. This is likely to lead to a conviction for treason.

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Treason guidance

2017-04-19T21:40:01Z

JonC: legal guidance for treason

==Legal treatment of dealings with eternals==

When a citizen is accused of committing treason with an eternal (or herald) it is not uncommon for there to be little evidence of what actually transpired. Consequently magistrates follow some simple guidelines.

If magistrates have satisfactory evidence regarding an interaction between a citizen and an eternal (or herald) then they will judge that evidence to determine if [[List_of_Criminal_Offences|treason]] was committed or not.

If there is no satisfactory evidence (because it was a secret meeting or similar) then if the meeting was with an eternal under amity or neutral then (in the absence of evidence to the contrary) the magistrates will presume everything was above board.

However, if the meeting was with an eternal under [[Amity_and_enmity#Enmity|enmity]] then:
*for an archmage (or similar titleholder) interacting with their realm of responsibility the magistrates will presume that they were just doing their job; but
*the magistrates may draw an adverse inference against anyone else. This is likely to lead to a conviction for treason.

List of Criminal Offences

2017-04-19T21:29:56Z

JonC: added link to treason guidance

==Overview==
The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law usually refers to a "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. Any exceptions to this are referred to explicitly in the definitions below e.g. for treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a person.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that persons who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a person.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a person which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a person against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person. The direct [[Amend_crime_of_slavery|purchase]] and sale of slaves is also illegal but this does not encompass the repatriation or ransoming of Imperial citizens.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another person or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. The blasphemous [[:Category:Musical_Instruments|musical instruments]] known as Drums of Strife, Harbinger of Chaos, and Horns of Madness are also illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason. There is some magistrate's guidance on interactions with eternals [[treason guidance|here]].
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Those who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause), a failure to attend lawful inquisition and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the paragons and the paths of virtue. This includes promoting false virtues and the teachings, or example, of false exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting false doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people. The magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a person reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If someone wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal trial|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

List of Criminal Offences

2017-04-05T17:53:11Z

JonC: amended crime of slavery as per senate motion autumn 380

==Overview==
The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law usually refers to a "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. Any exceptions to this are referred to explicitly in the definitions below e.g. for treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a person.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that persons who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a person.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a person which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a person against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person. The direct [[Amend_crime_of_slavery|purchase]] and sale of slaves is also illegal but this does not encompass the repatriation or ransoming of Imperial citizens.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another person or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. The blasphemous [[:Category:Musical_Instruments|musical instruments]] known as Drums of Strife, Harbinger of Chaos, and Horns of Madness are also illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Those who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause), a failure to attend lawful inquisition and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the paragons and the paths of virtue. This includes promoting false virtues and the teachings, or example, of false exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting false doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people. The magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a person reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If someone wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal trial|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Sanction

2017-03-30T12:17:29Z

JonC: change to wording on this page to reflect better worded inquisition page re people refusing to turn up to inquisition

<ic>"...an Atun herself shall turn her gaze from you, as your soul lingers, unmourned, in the darkest recesses of the Labyrinth. You are excommunicated."

"You... you can't do that! Your writ of excommunication never passed the General Assembly!"

"You are condemned as a heretic. I will be sure the magistrate's know it. Besides, if the Assembly lacked the spine to issue a writ of excommunication against the likes of '''you''', what makes you think they have the will to condemn '''me'''?"</ic>
{{Synod Judgement Summary|Any Assembly|Lesser Majority}}
==Overview==
The [[Imperial Synod]] is responsible for investigating and publicizing behaviour the Synod considers to unvirtuous. Sanction allows the the Synod to publicize such deeds and to bring religious crimes to the attention of the magistrates for possible prosecution.

For many years the only option available to the Synod was to condemn an individual for their invidious actions - criminal or unvirtuous. However following the work of [[Wintermark_religious_beliefs|stormcrow]] Jorma Steelhail from 379 to 380, the Senate finally agreed to expand the scope of the Synod's powers to allow a range of different edicts to be issued - in accordance with the judgement of the Synod.

As a result the judgement was changed to allow the Synod to choose one of four different options - whether to vindicate, castigate, condemn or demand penance.
{{CaptionedImage|file=JormaSteelhail.jpg|align=right|width=250|caption=Jorma Steelhail, [[Wintermark]] [[Wintermark_religious_beliefs|stormcrow]]}}
===Vindication===
A judgement of vindication is used by the Synod to demonstrate that they view the target as innocent of any accusations of unvirtuous acts that have been levelled against them. It may also be used to formally laud the subject's virtuous disposition.

===Penance===
Penance is used where the assembly believes the subject to have engaged in both virtuous and unvirtuous behaviour. The judgement recommends how the target can correct their unvirtuous behaviour.

===Castigation===
A judgement of castigation indicates that the target is believed by the assembly to be guilty of unvirtuous deeds and nature and is formally rebuked for them.

===Condemnation===
Condemnation is used where the assembly is satisfied that an individual is guilty of committing a religious crime. The priest who brought the motion of condemnation is expected to be be responsible for ensuring that the magistrates are informed of the matter, and that the basis for the condemnation is presented to them.

==Judgement==
The judgement of sanction must name one specific type of sanction; vindication, penance, castigation, or condemnation, that is being weighed against all those named in the judgement. A sanction may be raised by any assembly of the [[Imperial Synod]]. When the judgement is raised in a national assembly, it may only be used to sanction members of that nation. The virtue assemblies may raise a judgement against anyone - but they are expected to restrict the remit of their sanction to matters concerning their virtue.

The judgement must name each specific individual who will be covered. A judgement may only name more than one individual if they are members of the same oathsworn band - either a [[bands#banner|banner]], [[bands#Sect|sect]], or [[bands#coven|coven]] at the time the judgement is raised.

When a judgement of sanction is submitted, the Tribune is responsible for informing the subject of the judgement. Usually they will send a messenger to find the citizen to ask them to attend the Hub so that they can be briefed on the development. Any sanction requires a lesser majority to pass.

<div style="float: right;"><quote by="Marcher Proverb">It is easy to defend the innocent.</quote></div>

==Outcome==
A successful judgement of vindication, castigation, or penance will be noted and recorded in the official Synod records, but it is the responsibility of the priest who brought the judgement to ensure that all are aware of the outcome.

A successful condemnation however will lead to a [[criminal trial]], if the magistrates are satisfied that there is sufficient evidence that [[Imperial Law]] has been broken, especially if a [[religious crime]] has been committed. The magistrates will consider:

* Whether the presenting priests have sufficiently established a [[religious crime]] has taken place
* The severity of the crime in terms of harm, or potential harm, to the Empire
* Any pleas for [[clemency]]

The priest who raised the successful judgement of condemnation must address the magistrates, either alone or with others, and present the basis for their condemnation.

==Inquisition==
A priest who conducts an [[inquisition]] may choose to escalate the inquisition to a sanction if they believe it is appropriate. To do this they submit a new judgement of sanction for consideration by the Synod. This judgement does not count against the limit of one judgement per priest per summit, provided it is submitted by the same priest who submitted the judgement of inquisition and that it does not name a new target not named in the inquisition. The new judgement may use less names than the original inquisition, but it may not add a new name to the list.

Refusal to attend an inquisition is usually sufficient grounds for condemnation and prosecution for subverting the agencies of state, provided that the target or targets could reasonably have attended.

{{Synod Further Reading}}

List of Criminal Offences

2017-03-17T19:09:19Z

JonC:

==Overview==
The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law usually refers to a "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. Any exceptions to this are referred to explicitly in the definitions below e.g. for treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a person.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that persons who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a person.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a person which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a person against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another person or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. The blasphemous [[:Category:Musical_Instruments|musical instruments]] known as Drums of Strife, Harbinger of Chaos, and Horns of Madness are also illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Those who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause), a failure to attend lawful inquisition and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the paragons and the paths of virtue. This includes promoting false virtues and the teachings, or example, of false exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting false doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people. The magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a person reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If someone wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal trial|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

List of Criminal Offences

2017-03-17T18:56:06Z

JonC: added in historical crime relating to "old" items that have just been introduced to the game

==Overview==
The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law usually refers to a "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. Any exceptions to this are referred to explicitly in the definitions below e.g. for treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a person.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that persons who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a person.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a person which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a person against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another person or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. The blasphemous [[empire-wiki/Category:Musical_Instruments|musical instruments]] known as Drums of Strife, Harbinger of Chaos, and Horns of Madness are also illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Those who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause), a failure to attend lawful inquisition and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the paragons and the paths of virtue. This includes promoting false virtues and the teachings, or example, of false exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting false doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people. The magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a person reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If someone wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal trial|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Category:Musical Instruments

2017-03-17T18:46:58Z

JonC:

==Using a Musical Instrument==
Music has the power to create powerful emotional responses in listeners. These [[magic items]] allow a [[dedication|dedicated]] character to use music to empower the [[dedication]] skill to create a connection between the power of a [[consecration|consecrated]] area and their listeners, inspiring and revitalising them in the process. The priest and their instrument serves as a conduit, enhancing the profound rolepalying effects of a suitable aura of consecration.

Using one of these items requires a period of [[appropriate roleplaying]] which includes playing the musical instrument. It is not a requirement that the entire period of roleplaying consist solely of playing the instrument - it is acceptable to intersperse the performance with other forms of religious roleplaying - but the focus should be on the musical performance.

To have their hero points restored, a character must be in the consecrated area for the full period. This ability ''cannot'' restore hero points to someone who has lost the ability to regain hero points overnight - most obviously it will not help anyone subject to a [[curse]] such as [[Dreamscape of the Endless Hunt]].

These magic items are explicitly intended to be used in safe situations. They will not work on a battlefield, or on a quest unless you are specifically instructed otherwise by a referee.

==Other Musical Instruments==
There are several other musical instruments known to exist that are not available to Imperial [[Crafting skills#Artisans|artisans]]. In each case, they draw on the power of [[malign spiritual presences]] rather than Virtues, and their creation, possession, and use within the Empire is a crime. The three best known examples of these instruments are known as the ''Drums of Strife'', ''Chains of Madness'', and ''Horns of Fear''.

===Drums of Strife===
Also called ''Drums of Strength'', these musical instruments were known to be used by some pre-Imperial [[Highguard|Highborn]] chapters. These wicked chapters used them to whip their members up into a violent frenzy of hatred directed at anyone who was seen as an outsider. Their use was disavowed, and all known examples destroyed, during the foundation of the Way.

===Harbinger of Chaos===
Sometimes called a ''Clarion's Call'', the Chains of Madness were musical instruments used by the traitorous [[briar|briars]] during the [[Freedom_Heresy]. They took the form of stringed instruments, generally a guitar or mandolin, and were used by [[Dawn|Dawnish]] rabble-rousers in service of Anarchy. According to witnesses, it was typical for the heretic using one of these items to sing while playing - generally songs intended to inspire destruction and chaos. It is believed a few may be in the hands of the [[Druj]] orcs who destroyed [[Freedom_Heresy#The fall of Montane|Montane]], or possibly with the heretics of [[The_Barrens#Hope.27s_Rest|Dourfell Keep]].

===Horns of Madness===
Called ''Horns of Justice'' by the [[Faraden]] who use them, these insidious magic items are used by priests to encourage bloody vengeance. Unlike the other two instruments, they are in regular use among the Empire's neighbours to the west. They are of primary value to Faraden warpriests rather than the more diplomatic priests who are generally sent to the Empire, but their possession is still a crime.

===Other Instruments===
All three of these musical instruments are of the variety that inspires a group in an appropriate area aura. There are occasional rumours of musical instruments of the variety that allow one to perform ceremonies with the power of a malign spirits, but the truth of their existence and how they might be manufactured is unknown by Imperial artisans. .

Rewarding

2017-03-15T18:43:06Z

JonC: added fines to virtue fund

<ic>At the Winter Summit 376 YE, Harald Johnson, of the Marches and The Way, called for the General Assembly to reward the Orc Generals with 20 crowns from the Virtue Fund.</ic>

The Synod has a fund devoted to rewarding and supporting virtuous citizens and thus positively encourage virtue throughout the Empire. This Virtue Fund grows by:
* Donations from prosperous citizens who wish to use their prosperity to encourage virtue.
* The auction of [[Liao#True_Liao|pure liao]] through the Bourse.
* Criminal [[Criminal_trial#Punishments and sentencing|fines]], if the presiding magistrate deems it appropriate due to the circumstances of the case.
* Other activities arranged by the Synod, civil service or other virtuous citizens.

The Virtue Fund is restricted to donations of Imperial currency. Any non-monetary donations are encouraged by the civil service to be given to the smaller Synod assemblies for dissemination.

The rewarding requires a lesser majority of the General Assembly and can be targeted upon an individual or small group, such as a banner, sect or coven.

===Rewards that exceed the Virtue Fund===
It is not possible for the Virtue Fund to go into debt. Nor is it possible for a judgment to specify that a reward be made at some future time beyond the close of scrutiny.

If a reward judgment is upheld but there is not enough in the Virtue Fund for when the judgment's scrutiny ends, then the entirety of the current fund is paid to the priest who raised the judgment, but the priest cannot collect the remainder later. This is noted on the judgment.

If a reward judgment is upheld but there is no money in the Virtue Fund, then the successful vote is noted but the judgment is automatically failed due to lack of funds.

If multiple reward judgments are upheld at the same scrutiny time with insufficient money in the Virtue Fund to pay for them all, then the allocation starts with the earliest raised (by judgment number) until the Fund is empty. Again, a note is added to the judgment that the vote was successful but the judgment failed due to lack of funds.

===Further Reading===
*[[Imperial Synod |Synod Processes and Powers]]
**[[The Assemblies of the Synod|Information about the different Assemblies]]

** [[The Powers of Synod Priests|The powers of individual Synod Members]]
***[[How Assemblies make Judgments|Judgement]]
***[[Witness]]
***[[Sanctuary]]
***[[Clemency]]

**[[The Judgments of the Synod|The Judgements of the Synod]]
***[[Appointment]]
***[[Inquisition]]
***[[Condemnation]]
***[[Statement of Principle]]
***[[Revocation]]
***[[Recognition]]
***[[Veto]]
***[[Rewarding]]
***[[Changing Doctrine]]
***[[Writ of Excommunication]]

* Religion
** [[The Way|The Way of Virtue]]
** [[Imperial Theology]]
** [[Religious skills]]
**[[Religious Crimes]]
* [[Recent history]]

[[Category:Synod]]

List of Criminal Offences

2017-02-16T00:46:21Z

JonC: added failure to attend inquisition to subverting agencies of the state to make it clearer this applies

==Introduction==

The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law usually refers to a "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. Any exceptions to this are referred to explicitly in the definitions below e.g. for treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a person.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that persons who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a person.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a person which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a person against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another person or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the [[Maggot's Talon]] wand, and the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Those who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause), a failure to attend lawful inquisition and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a person reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If someone wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal Trials|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

List of Criminal Offences

2016-07-16T11:42:46Z

JonC: Minor wording changes to correct the sloppy and interchangeable use of "person" and "citizen" in the text. In most cases it should just say "person" anyway since this point is already covered on a different page.

==Introduction==

The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law usually refers to a "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. Any exceptions to this are referred to explicitly in the definitions below e.g. for treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a person.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that persons who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a person.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a person which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a person against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another person or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the [[Maggot's Talon]] wand, and the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Those who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause) and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a person reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If someone wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal Trials|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Senate design

2016-06-23T11:22:24Z

JonC: typo fixed

==Overview==
The [[Imperial Senate]] is the most powerful political house in the Empire, with the ability to change the balance of power between the five political houses, appoint generals, control the Imperial budget, amend [[Imperial law]], authorize great works and create [[new Imperial titles]].

However, there are significant limits on the power of the Senate, which the Senate is not able to circumvent. This page aims to explain why those limits exist.

==Purpose==
The core reason to limit the power of the Senate is to get the right play balance. The Senate is far-and-away the most powerful of the five political houses - but we've designed it so that those powers are not supreme. Even an Empress would not rule with the divine right of kings in Empire. If you want someone fired - your first port of call is the [[Imperial Synod|Synod]] - not the Senate. If it involves magic - it's likely that the [[Imperial Conclave|Conclave]] can influence the issue far better than the Senate. The [[Imperial Bourse|Bourse]] serves as a firewall between the Senate and the game economy, the [[Imperial Military Council|Military Council]] has dominion over the strategic elements of the campaign. The ideal design is one in which the powers of the five houses complement and oppose each other, you can't ignore the other houses if you have a seat in one of them.

There are some less obvious reasons - like protecting individual players and groups of players to allow them to continue playing the game even if badly defeated politically. If nine nations unite against the tenth in Empire - they could do massive damage to the political interests of that nation - but they can't just throw them out of the game. The goal is for the constitution to act as a safety net - to allow for wide-ranging political PvP - but prevent the political equivalent of a coup de grace that ends the game.

Ultimately though the reason to limit the power of the game is to make it fun for as many players as possible. The "constitution" serves as a mechanism to prevent the Senate weakening the political game through the entirely justifiable IC action of extending their own powers. If the Senate's power was supreme, the game for all the players in these other houses would be diminished as the political game became far less complex, less nuanced and involve less players. The constitution works to try and preserve game for everyone playing Empire - and in that way make the game more involved and challenging for everyone.

==Player Limitations==
These limitations are extensions of the setting that involve other players, rather than limitations that are initiated by Profound Decisions.

===Losing My Religion===
The most obvious limitation of the Senate is the oversight of the [[Imperial Synod]]. There is quite deliberately a delicate balancing act to get the relative power of these two political houses right. Ultimately the game design gives the Senate all the active powers to change things and do things - but the Synod is the body with all the powers to undo these. They can [[revocation|revoke]] people to remove them from office and they can [[veto]] motions passed by the Senate.

The veto is deliberately staggered so that the veto the Synod can deploy easily - the veto of the Assembly of Nine cannot be used against the majority of the Senate motions. For these the Synod needs to muster over fifty percent of all the priests at the event, a herculean task - and one that requires a significant number of players to be highly motivated.

The veto does not exist to preserve the game design - it is there to enable politics between the Senate and the Synod. For political interaction to take place between these two houses, a dynamic of power needs to exist between them. The Synod veto gives the Synod a hold over the Senate, it is a political weapon they can wield to gain interests, for whatever purpose the Synod choose. The veto is also a tool any player in the game can conceptually wield - you don't have to be a member of the Synod to try to get the Synod to act, that is something anyone can attempt.

The distinction between [[Senate_motion#Voting|constitutional votes and majority votes]] exists to allow for a changed balance of power between the Synod and the Senate in the different circumstances. The goal is to empower the Synod to play a significant role in the political game - to give them tools to fight their political battles according to their goals and ambitions.

Without the veto, or some equivalent, the Synod would be toothless and the Senate would be able to ignore them. Of course that would suit the best in-character interests of the senators, but it would make their game significantly less challenging. There would still be politics within the Senate of course, between rival senators and nations, but the political game would be reduced to one in which the senators were the only actors - a less complex, less challenging, less involving game for them as well as everybody else.

===The Prince===
The Senate has some power over the [[Imperial Military Council]] - because they appoint the generals - but they cannot replace them and they are legally forbidden to enter the Military Council chamber. This limitation is pretty unique in Empire - most of the game is about giving people powers to do things, not stopping them doing something that would normally be trivial.

The limitation exists to try and ensure that each [[general]] is able - as far as possible - to play the military game independently of the senators who chose them. The Military Council is very focussed on the war with the barbarians, it has almost no political autonomy outside of that. The war is very important to the whole Empire - and understandably many senators are going to want to involve themselves in that conflict.

The point of trying to keep them out is that the senators already have a political game taking place in the senate - people who want to play the Military game should be striving to become generals or adjutants in the Military Council. The military game takes place primarily within the Military council - the game is designed to ensure that the senators can't directly move the military game into the Senate - either consciously or sub-consciously.

===Clause 4===
We don't have an opinion on whether trickle-down economics work in real life, but we are firmly of the opinion that they do not work well in LRP games. The wealth rarely trickles down far enough to create a vibrant game of trade and commerce. Trickle down economics are particularly vulnerable in a setting where the IC leaders are PCs - NPCs can be told to hand out their wealth equally - PCs natural and appropriate response is to hoard it.

In Empire the primary source of wealth is the contents of each player's pack. The Senate has vastly more money to spend than any individual player - but significantly less wealth to spend than all the players combined. It is the biggest fish in the economic pond by a long way - but it is tiny compared with the sea of smaller fish that surround it.

Much of the economic game centres around the key [[Imperial Bourse]] resources that everyone is trying to gain. The sale of these resources lies in the hands of the Bourse - the founders of the Empire deliberately tied the hands of the Senate to stop them having control over the most valuable resources of the state. Instead the Senate are forced to compete to buy their resources on the same footing as everyone else. They have more money - but they don't have any powers they can use to circumvent the need to engage in trade to get what they want.

The goal is to make certain that the Senate can't use its powers to close down the trading game. They can play the trading game - along with all the other players - but they have to trade - they can't take what they want by fiat. Their only weapon in that game is their wealth - anyone who can afford to outbid them can defeat them.

This kind of trickle-up economics, placing the power in the hands of every individual player and allowing them to pool their resources to achieve common goals is the fundamental basis of the economic game design. It gives players goals and empowers them to take action. Ultimately the reason the Bourse exists is to prevent the Senate from influencing the trading game by means other than playing the trading game. The goal is to preserve the breadth and depth of that trading game for every player who wants to participate.

==Game Limitations==
These are limitations that are controlled by Profound Decisions, they exist to try and preserve the integrity of the game - they are not meant to be exercised as part of the political game itself.

There is only one kind of game limitation - the [[Scrutiny#Constitutional_Court|Constitutional Court]] can declare a motion "unconstitutional". Ideally this would happen before a motion is passed and when it does we will try to provide positive feedback about what would need to be changed to make the motion valid.

The list below presents all the reasons we can think of that we might declare a motion to be unconstitutional. The list appears long, but most of these things are never likely to come up in play - and by telling players what they are, we hope that players will find it easier to avoid them. We're trying to clearly delineate the boundaries of the game, so players don't find themselves unwittingly stumbling into them.

===IC/OOC divide===
In normal circumstances Profound Decisions do not operate a policy of putting IC blocks in front of players who attempt IC actions we cannot OOC support. For instance - if players were attempting an advance on a battlefield that would be unsafe OOC - then we would provide OOC instruction to the players on how to avoid the area.

While some players appreciate having an IC explanation for OOC rulings, the risk with any IC explanation is that it is confused with plot. In theory the risk is that players go and poke the IC explanation thinking it will be cool plot when in fact it is just a justification for an OOC safety decision. In practice that very rarely happens - a much more serious and much more common problem is the reverse. Players attempt an IC action - they meet significant IC opposition because what they are trying to do is difficult - and they give up because they "assume PD don't want them to do that".

In all other situations, ''except this one'', if you meet significant IC opposition to your IC plans - it is because what you are trying to do is difficult. It is ''never'' because PD out-of-character don't want you to do that thing - on the contrary we are usually keen for you to attempt it, we just want to make it consistent and appropriately challenging. If PD have out-of-character reasons why we don't want you do something in the game - we will tell you that out-of-character and if humanly possible we will tell you why. OOC rules exist so players know what is safe and fair to do in game - IC challenges exist to be overcome.

The exception is the "constitutional ruling" of the [[Scrutiny#Constitutional_Court|Constitutional Court]]. These are only done for out-of-character reasons - and we will try to identify why we are doing them when we provide the rulings - but they are dressed up in IC language and presented IC because to do otherwise would be too damaging to the immersion of the game. None-the-less we want to be utterly upfront that these are out-of-characters decisions, take for reasons of game design, they are not political challenges to be overcome in-character.

===Lots of Games===
The main reason that some motions would be declared unconstitutional is because they disrupt the fundamental balance of power between the political houses of the Empire. There is room for change in these positions, the Senate can empower the other houses by giving them powers and creating titles appointed by them. But they have almost no ability to reduce the powers of these bodies - they can't centralize the power with themselves.

This is simply the out-of-character line that underpins the game design elements described above for the Synod, Bourse and the Military Council. The [[Imperial Conclave]] is slightly different, but in theory it's game is also protected by PD - the Senate can't simply grab these games and take them for themselves.

===The Maze===
One of the reasons we might prevent a motion from proceeding is because we think that in the long term it will serve to make the overall game play less interesting. There is obviously a significant element of judgement in this but the judgement is geared towards preventing decisions that simplify the complex political structures of the Empire. A lot of the political game is about manoeuvring through the different political bodies of the Empire.

The natural instinct of most people in those situations is to remove these blocks. But once a block can be removed sufficiently easily - then the complexity of the political moves that can be made is reduced - and by extension the complexity of the political game is reduced. If you consider a game of chess - it is not improved if every piece can move to anywhere it wants. A labyrinth is only a challenge if you aren't allowed to bring a bulldozer.

We want the political game to remain challenging for decades to come, so motions that work to make the game simpler and easier to play - less complex and subtle and involved - by dismantling offices and structures of the state will be prevented. One of the core reasons that an [[Imperial title]] is created by the Senate but will usually have to be appointed by a different house is precisely to ensure that the integrity of the maze remains intact.

===The Dark Shadow===
There is often a desire to make things "fairer" - to give every player a chance to speak, a chance to vote. Every player who attends Empire should have a game to play - but the dark shadow of fair play is a threat to an enjoyable game. Sharing everything out - giving everyone one of everything makes the game less interesting, less involving, less challenging. A trading game is castrated when everyone has one of everything - a degree of inequality is a healthy element of an exciting game - and gives characters a basis for striving to advance their own political and personal goals.

Fair play can be particularly injurious to the flavour of a game. It's clearly, categorically, blatantly unfair that Urizen citizens don't get a vote unless they are a ritual magician. This is quite deliberate - the game that flows from this basic inequality serves to underpin the character and flavour of Urizen as a nation while simultaneously creating game for Urizen characters as they try to achieve their aims in light of this. Changes to the game that are driven by fair play that serve to reduce the impact of the character of the setting will be prevented.

===No Going Back===
Vacillation can be enjoyable in the moment - and political confrontations that turn and turn again in the moment of a few hours are the dramatic battles of a political game. But our assessment is that it would not be fun to be constantly reassessing every major decision the Senate had made. If a vote to assign territories and regions could be altered later - it makes compromise much easier (compromise IC is a design bug, not a feature) and encourages repetition.

As a result key game decisions are "locked in" once made - constitutionally forbidding the characters from changing their minds later.

===The Weakest Link===
Empire is intended to be a very political player-vs-player game. There are lots of different political fault lines, and there are great prizes to be claimed by the winners in the game. But you can't vote one of the contestants off so that they don't have to compete in future rounds. The Senate, the Synod, the Conclave, the Bourse and the Military Council can all do horrible, horrible things to characters, groups and nations they don't like. But they can't easily kill a character and they can't just expel a nation from the Empire, because they got a 2/3 majority in the Senate for a single vote.

Senate motions that disband or expel a nation or simply emasculate them in a single stroke (for instance a vote to make it illegal for Marchers to vote) will not pass constitutional scrutiny.

===Dead Parrot===
Like most LRPers of a certain age, we're big fans of Monty Python - but not in our LRP games. Empire is intended to be a serious game of politics, faith, trade, war and magic. We take the game seriously and we believe that the efforts out players make indicates that they share our preference for that approach. Motions that are clearly meant to be comic - will not pass constitutional scrutiny '''especially''' '''if it's funny'''. The Senate can change the laws of the Empire, they cannot make everyone wear a comedy hat.

===OOC Fairness===
There is the entirely theoretical risk that senators might attempt to pass motions that would violate Profound Decisions out-of-character rules for things like equality and diversity. We don't expect this will ever happen, but it is only appropriate to give notice that any attempt to do so would be declared unconstitutional.

==Changes in this Update==
This update is primarily intended to improve the presentation of this section of the wiki adding further useful information and making it easier for players to find and access the content they want. We have changed a small number of things in this update, most notable of which are edits to the powers of [[The Throne]] and the removal of procedural motions.

The procedural motions have been removed to enhance player agency, putting the emphasis firmly on the players to raise these motions at the point where they want them raised. It streamlines the Senate process, further reduces the direct impact of the NPCs and gives a player the chance to present what are often very significant or momentous motions.

The page listing the powers of The Throne conflicted with other pages on the wiki, making it unclear if The Throne possessed the right to vote or raise motions in the Senate. This has been clarified in the negative. We have added some additional powers in the Synod, to try to ensure that the position's influence in the Synod is adequately reflected and in line with their influence elsewhere.

The official explanation for this changes is now familiar "Time of Emergency". That the powers of the Throne and processes of state work slightly different during a time of emergency and then revert back to the standard procedures once everything has settled down.

The time of emergency was what happened in the first few years following the death of Empress Britta and most of the Empire's finest who died with her. This was why every senator at the first event was having to be elected and so on - it was the rules following a time of emergency when basically everyone who was running the Empire is dead. The explanation is that the Civil Servants have one set of rules to use when running the Empire in the period immediately following the declaration of emergency - and then they revert to the standard rules (the ones now on the wiki).

Obviously this is a figleaf justification, we are not attempting to claim that this is a seamless elegant solution, but hopefully it will help to minimize the impact of the changes for individual players - allowing them to roleplay that what happened has happened. It isn't particularly helpful to postulate that individual civil servants are somehow engaged in some kind of conspiracy to control the Empire; this ''isn't'' some kind of actual plot you can interact with - it's a justification by PD for the changes we are making to the game to make it better for everyone playing it.

{{Senate Further Reading}}
[[Category:Senate]]
[[Category:Game Design]]

Religious Crimes

2016-06-22T18:53:09Z

JonC: annihilation removed

==Religious Crimes==
The Imperial constitution charges the Synod with the responsibility for the spiritual welfare of the Empire. The Imperial bureaucracy has interpreted this, in part, as a remit for the Synod to investigate religious and spiritual crimes.

Central to this responsibility is that the Imperial faith does not undermine, or in any way supplant, Imperial law. Consequently, whilst the priests of the Synod may investigate religious crimes, they must present their case to the judiciary, who will then rule on the guilt of the identified person or persons, and determine their punishment.

The Synod powers relevant to this process are [[inquisition]] and [[condemnation]].

Further information on the relation to Imperial Law can be found [[List of Criminal Offences|here]].

The current list of religious crimes includes Idolatry, Blasphemy, Heresy, Abuse of Powers and Desecration.

===Idolatry===
The crime of idolatry is defined as: ''Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.''

This crime incorporates the worship of "gods", Eternals and other supernatural beings, though some priests have considered applying it in a political context as well.

===Blasphemy===
The crime of blasphemy is defined as: ''The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.''

[[Brass Coast Religious Beliefs#FeastOfTheBrokenWheel|The Feast of the Broken Wheel]] practiced by the [[The Brass Coast|Freeborn]] is contentious and some priests in other nations have accused it of being blasphemous, though, to date, no attempted condemnation of any participant has been successful.

===Heresy===
The crime of heresy is defined as: ''The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox [[The Doctrines of the Faith|Doctrines of the Faith]] as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.''

The Synod does permit the discussion, and debate, of the doctrines, and potential variations thereof, as part of theological investigation and learning. The criminal act is the teaching of “truth” that has not been recognised as such by the Synod. Virtuous priests will first seek to change Doctrine in the Synod, rather than undermine it.

===Abuse of Powers===
The crime of abuse of powers is defined as: ''The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.''

The Synod is charged with ensuring the proper conduct of all priestly Imperial citizens, whether they are Synod members or not. Abuse of Synod powers may include looking to use confession and clemency to pervert the law, rather than promote virtue. Abuse of priest ceremonies may include use of the excommunication ceremony on an Imperial citizen without them having first been excommunicated by the Synod.

===Desecration===
The crime of desecration is defined as: ''The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people.''

The Senate passed this into law in Autumn 377. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

<quote>Anger radiated from Garath, filling the tent in which he was sat. The Sentinel by the doorway tensed in response. Conversely, Casia, her black-eyes unblinking, appeared entirely unpeturbed and gently stroked her barbels as she considered the broker.

“This is a travesty, and a waste of time,” spat Garath, “Do you really have nothing better to do with your time, fendweller?”

Casia merely considered him in silence.

“You had no right to haul me in like some criminal!” Gareth railed, “I was in the middle of an important trade deal. You’ve cost me a lot of money and I’ll have every ring of it out of your sodden hide.”

The merrow Illuminate simply lifted her cup and drank from it. Taking her time to finish it if full, she turned again to Garath. Rising from her seat she circled his seat before she finally spoke.

“I’m curious,” she said, without irony, “I have spoken at length to some of your business partners. You are a successful trader, there is no doubt. Yet the part that I do not understand is what you do with the liao you purchase from the Bloodhammer legion. No one I have spoken to reports you ever selling any of it.”

Garath snarled, “Is that it? My cousin Gwyn is a Guide. I provide it to him as part of the work of the Faith. Go and ask him.”

Casia nodded, and paused to produce a notebook in which the name was carefully inscribed. As she was putting her pen away, the tent flapped jostled and another Sentinel entered carrying a bag.

Garath blanched, “That’s mine! You’ve no right…”

“I think you will find that priests of the Synod have the right to go a great many places,” Casia interrupted calmly, as she took the bag from the armed man. Reaching in she produced a handful of small documents.

“Oh my,” she said, her tone unchanged despite the expression of surprise, “I do believe I have seen some of these in the tavern. Leaflets extolling the glory of Elora, Goddess of Hope.”

The black eyes fixed themselves on Garath again, “I do believe that’s heresy, blasphemy and idolatry in one single stroke. Thank you for your time Broker Garath, your inquisition is concluded. I would suggest you do not make any plans to leave Anvil as I am quite sure the magistrates will be wanting a word.”

As Garath rose, Casia gestured and the two Sentinels moved to either side of him. Garath glared at his shadows, but said nothing as he left the tent with the two following him.</quote>
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:Synod]]

List of Criminal Offences

2016-06-22T18:52:24Z

JonC: annihilation removed

==Introduction==

The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law often refers to "citizen" or "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. There are some explicit exceptions to this referred to in the definitions below e.g. for slavery and treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a citizen.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that citizens who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a citizen.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a citizen which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a citizen against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another citizen or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the [[Maggot's Talon]] wand, and the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Citizens who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause) and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a citizen reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal Trials|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Religious Crimes

2016-06-22T18:30:50Z

JonC:

==Religious Crimes==
The Imperial constitution charges the Synod with the responsibility for the spiritual welfare of the Empire. The Imperial bureaucracy has interpreted this, in part, as a remit for the Synod to investigate religious and spiritual crimes.

Central to this responsibility is that the Imperial faith does not undermine, or in any way supplant, Imperial law. Consequently, whilst the priests of the Synod may investigate religious crimes, they must present their case to the judiciary, who will then rule on the guilt of the identified person or persons, and determine their punishment.

The Synod powers relevant to this process are [[inquisition]] and [[condemnation]].

Further information on the relation to Imperial Law can be found [[List of Criminal Offences|here]].

The current list of religious crimes includes Idolatry, Blasphemy, Heresy, Abuse of Powers and Desecration.

===Idolatry===
The crime of idolatry is defined as: ''Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.''

This crime incorporates the worship of "gods", Eternals and other supernatural beings, though some priests have considered applying it in a political context as well.

===Blasphemy===
The crime of blasphemy is defined as: ''The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.''

[[Brass Coast Religious Beliefs#FeastOfTheBrokenWheel|The Feast of the Broken Wheel]] practiced by the [[The Brass Coast|Freeborn]] is contentious and some priests in other nations have accused it of being blasphemous, though, to date, no attempted condemnation of any participant has been successful.

===Heresy===
The crime of heresy is defined as: ''The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox [[The Doctrines of the Faith|Doctrines of the Faith]] as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.''

The Synod does permit the discussion, and debate, of the doctrines, and potential variations thereof, as part of theological investigation and learning. The criminal act is the teaching of “truth” that has not been recognised as such by the Synod. Virtuous priests will first seek to change Doctrine in the Synod, rather than undermine it.

===Abuse of Powers===
The crime of abuse of powers is defined as: ''The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.''

The Synod is charged with ensuring the proper conduct of all priestly Imperial citizens, whether they are Synod members or not. Abuse of Synod powers may include looking to use confession and clemency to pervert the law, rather than promote virtue. Abuse of priest ceremonies may include use of the excommunication ceremony on an Imperial citizen without them having first been excommunicated by the Synod.

===Desecration===
The crime of desecration is defined as: ''The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people.''

The Senate passed this into law in Autumn 377. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

===Annihilation===
The crime of annihilation is defined as: destroying or, endangering with destruction, a human soul.

The Senate passed this into law in Spring 380. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime.

<quote>Anger radiated from Garath, filling the tent in which he was sat. The Sentinel by the doorway tensed in response. Conversely, Casia, her black-eyes unblinking, appeared entirely unpeturbed and gently stroked her barbels as she considered the broker.

“This is a travesty, and a waste of time,” spat Garath, “Do you really have nothing better to do with your time, fendweller?”

Casia merely considered him in silence.

“You had no right to haul me in like some criminal!” Gareth railed, “I was in the middle of an important trade deal. You’ve cost me a lot of money and I’ll have every ring of it out of your sodden hide.”

The merrow Illuminate simply lifted her cup and drank from it. Taking her time to finish it if full, she turned again to Garath. Rising from her seat she circled his seat before she finally spoke.

“I’m curious,” she said, without irony, “I have spoken at length to some of your business partners. You are a successful trader, there is no doubt. Yet the part that I do not understand is what you do with the liao you purchase from the Bloodhammer legion. No one I have spoken to reports you ever selling any of it.”

Garath snarled, “Is that it? My cousin Gwyn is a Guide. I provide it to him as part of the work of the Faith. Go and ask him.”

Casia nodded, and paused to produce a notebook in which the name was carefully inscribed. As she was putting her pen away, the tent flapped jostled and another Sentinel entered carrying a bag.

Garath blanched, “That’s mine! You’ve no right…”

“I think you will find that priests of the Synod have the right to go a great many places,” Casia interrupted calmly, as she took the bag from the armed man. Reaching in she produced a handful of small documents.

“Oh my,” she said, her tone unchanged despite the expression of surprise, “I do believe I have seen some of these in the tavern. Leaflets extolling the glory of Elora, Goddess of Hope.”

The black eyes fixed themselves on Garath again, “I do believe that’s heresy, blasphemy and idolatry in one single stroke. Thank you for your time Broker Garath, your inquisition is concluded. I would suggest you do not make any plans to leave Anvil as I am quite sure the magistrates will be wanting a word.”

As Garath rose, Casia gestured and the two Sentinels moved to either side of him. Garath glared at his shadows, but said nothing as he left the tent with the two following him.</quote>
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:Synod]]

List of Criminal Offences

2016-06-22T18:30:30Z

JonC:

==Introduction==

The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law often refers to "citizen" or "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. There are some explicit exceptions to this referred to in the definitions below e.g. for slavery and treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a citizen.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that citizens who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a citizen.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a citizen which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a citizen against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another citizen or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the [[Maggot's Talon]] wand, and the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Citizens who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause) and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Annihilation|Annihilation]]: destroying or, endangering with destruction, a human soul. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a citizen reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal Trials|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Religious Crimes

2016-06-22T17:50:12Z

JonC:

==Religious Crimes==
The Imperial constitution charges the Synod with the responsibility for the spiritual welfare of the Empire. The Imperial bureaucracy has interpreted this, in part, as a remit for the Synod to investigate religious and spiritual crimes.

Central to this responsibility is that the Imperial faith does not undermine, or in any way supplant, Imperial law. Consequently, whilst the priests of the Synod may investigate religious crimes, they must present their case to the judiciary, who will then rule on the guilt of the identified person or persons, and determine their punishment.

The Synod powers relevant to this process are [[inquisition]] and [[condemnation]].

Further information on the relation to Imperial Law can be found [[List of Criminal Offences|here]].

The current list of religious crimes includes Idolatry, Blasphemy, Heresy, Abuse of Powers and Desecration.

===Idolatry===
The crime of idolatry is defined as: ''Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.''

This crime incorporates the worship of "gods", Eternals and other supernatural beings, though some priests have considered applying it in a political context as well.

===Blasphemy===
The crime of blasphemy is defined as: ''The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.''

[[Brass Coast Religious Beliefs#FeastOfTheBrokenWheel|The Feast of the Broken Wheel]] practiced by the [[The Brass Coast|Freeborn]] is contentious and some priests in other nations have accused it of being blasphemous, though, to date, no attempted condemnation of any participant has been successful.

===Heresy===
The crime of heresy is defined as: ''The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox [[The Doctrines of the Faith|Doctrines of the Faith]] as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.''

The Synod does permit the discussion, and debate, of the doctrines, and potential variations thereof, as part of theological investigation and learning. The criminal act is the teaching of “truth” that has not been recognised as such by the Synod. Virtuous priests will first seek to change Doctrine in the Synod, rather than undermine it.

===Abuse of Powers===
The crime of abuse of powers is defined as: ''The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.''

The Synod is charged with ensuring the proper conduct of all priestly Imperial citizens, whether they are Synod members or not. Abuse of Synod powers may include looking to use confession and clemency to pervert the law, rather than promote virtue. Abuse of priest ceremonies may include use of the excommunication ceremony on an Imperial citizen without them having first been excommunicated by the Synod.

===Desecration===
The crime of desecration is defined as: ''The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people.''

The Senate passed this into law in Autumn 377. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

===Annihilation===
The crime of annihilation is defined as: destroying or, endangering with destruction, a human soul.

The Senate passed this into law in Spring 380. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. Whether or not a soul has been destroyed is a question of fact. Magistrates will seek advice from appropriate experts in the Synod when determining such matters.

<quote>Anger radiated from Garath, filling the tent in which he was sat. The Sentinel by the doorway tensed in response. Conversely, Casia, her black-eyes unblinking, appeared entirely unpeturbed and gently stroked her barbels as she considered the broker.

“This is a travesty, and a waste of time,” spat Garath, “Do you really have nothing better to do with your time, fendweller?”

Casia merely considered him in silence.

“You had no right to haul me in like some criminal!” Gareth railed, “I was in the middle of an important trade deal. You’ve cost me a lot of money and I’ll have every ring of it out of your sodden hide.”

The merrow Illuminate simply lifted her cup and drank from it. Taking her time to finish it if full, she turned again to Garath. Rising from her seat she circled his seat before she finally spoke.

“I’m curious,” she said, without irony, “I have spoken at length to some of your business partners. You are a successful trader, there is no doubt. Yet the part that I do not understand is what you do with the liao you purchase from the Bloodhammer legion. No one I have spoken to reports you ever selling any of it.”

Garath snarled, “Is that it? My cousin Gwyn is a Guide. I provide it to him as part of the work of the Faith. Go and ask him.”

Casia nodded, and paused to produce a notebook in which the name was carefully inscribed. As she was putting her pen away, the tent flapped jostled and another Sentinel entered carrying a bag.

Garath blanched, “That’s mine! You’ve no right…”

“I think you will find that priests of the Synod have the right to go a great many places,” Casia interrupted calmly, as she took the bag from the armed man. Reaching in she produced a handful of small documents.

“Oh my,” she said, her tone unchanged despite the expression of surprise, “I do believe I have seen some of these in the tavern. Leaflets extolling the glory of Elora, Goddess of Hope.”

The black eyes fixed themselves on Garath again, “I do believe that’s heresy, blasphemy and idolatry in one single stroke. Thank you for your time Broker Garath, your inquisition is concluded. I would suggest you do not make any plans to leave Anvil as I am quite sure the magistrates will be wanting a word.”

As Garath rose, Casia gestured and the two Sentinels moved to either side of him. Garath glared at his shadows, but said nothing as he left the tent with the two following him.</quote>
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:Synod]]

List of Criminal Offences

2016-06-22T17:49:29Z

JonC: magistrate interpretation of annihilation

==Introduction==

The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law often refers to "citizen" or "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. There are some explicit exceptions to this referred to in the definitions below e.g. for slavery and treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a citizen.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that citizens who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a citizen.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a citizen which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a citizen against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another citizen or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the [[Maggot's Talon]] wand, and the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Citizens who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause) and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Annihilation|Annihilation]]: destroying or, endangering with destruction, a human soul. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. Whether or not a soul has been destroyed is a question of fact. Magistrates will seek advice from appropriate experts in the Synod when determining such matters.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a citizen reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal Trials|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Religious Crimes

2016-06-22T17:48:11Z

JonC: magistrates interpretation of annihilation

==Religious Crimes==
The Imperial constitution charges the Synod with the responsibility for the spiritual welfare of the Empire. The Imperial bureaucracy has interpreted this, in part, as a remit for the Synod to investigate religious and spiritual crimes.

Central to this responsibility is that the Imperial faith does not undermine, or in any way supplant, Imperial law. Consequently, whilst the priests of the Synod may investigate religious crimes, they must present their case to the judiciary, who will then rule on the guilt of the identified person or persons, and determine their punishment.

The Synod powers relevant to this process are [[inquisition]] and [[condemnation]].

Further information on the relation to Imperial Law can be found [[List of Criminal Offences|here]].

The current list of religious crimes includes Idolatry, Blasphemy, Heresy, Abuse of Powers and Desecration.

===Idolatry===
The crime of idolatry is defined as: ''Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.''

This crime incorporates the worship of "gods", Eternals and other supernatural beings, though some priests have considered applying it in a political context as well.

===Blasphemy===
The crime of blasphemy is defined as: ''The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.''

[[Brass Coast Religious Beliefs#FeastOfTheBrokenWheel|The Feast of the Broken Wheel]] practiced by the [[The Brass Coast|Freeborn]] is contentious and some priests in other nations have accused it of being blasphemous, though, to date, no attempted condemnation of any participant has been successful.

===Heresy===
The crime of heresy is defined as: ''The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox [[The Doctrines of the Faith|Doctrines of the Faith]] as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.''

The Synod does permit the discussion, and debate, of the doctrines, and potential variations thereof, as part of theological investigation and learning. The criminal act is the teaching of “truth” that has not been recognised as such by the Synod. Virtuous priests will first seek to change Doctrine in the Synod, rather than undermine it.

===Abuse of Powers===
The crime of abuse of powers is defined as: ''The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.''

The Synod is charged with ensuring the proper conduct of all priestly Imperial citizens, whether they are Synod members or not. Abuse of Synod powers may include looking to use confession and clemency to pervert the law, rather than promote virtue. Abuse of priest ceremonies may include use of the excommunication ceremony on an Imperial citizen without them having first been excommunicated by the Synod.

===Desecration===
The crime of desecration is defined as: ''The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people.''

The Senate passed this into law in Autumn 377. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

===Annihilation===
The crime of annihilation is defined as: destroying or, endangering with destruction, a human soul.

The Senate passed this into law in Spring 380. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. Whether or not a soul has been destroyed is a question of fact. Magistrates will seek advice from appropriate experts in determining such matters.

<quote>Anger radiated from Garath, filling the tent in which he was sat. The Sentinel by the doorway tensed in response. Conversely, Casia, her black-eyes unblinking, appeared entirely unpeturbed and gently stroked her barbels as she considered the broker.

“This is a travesty, and a waste of time,” spat Garath, “Do you really have nothing better to do with your time, fendweller?”

Casia merely considered him in silence.

“You had no right to haul me in like some criminal!” Gareth railed, “I was in the middle of an important trade deal. You’ve cost me a lot of money and I’ll have every ring of it out of your sodden hide.”

The merrow Illuminate simply lifted her cup and drank from it. Taking her time to finish it if full, she turned again to Garath. Rising from her seat she circled his seat before she finally spoke.

“I’m curious,” she said, without irony, “I have spoken at length to some of your business partners. You are a successful trader, there is no doubt. Yet the part that I do not understand is what you do with the liao you purchase from the Bloodhammer legion. No one I have spoken to reports you ever selling any of it.”

Garath snarled, “Is that it? My cousin Gwyn is a Guide. I provide it to him as part of the work of the Faith. Go and ask him.”

Casia nodded, and paused to produce a notebook in which the name was carefully inscribed. As she was putting her pen away, the tent flapped jostled and another Sentinel entered carrying a bag.

Garath blanched, “That’s mine! You’ve no right…”

“I think you will find that priests of the Synod have the right to go a great many places,” Casia interrupted calmly, as she took the bag from the armed man. Reaching in she produced a handful of small documents.

“Oh my,” she said, her tone unchanged despite the expression of surprise, “I do believe I have seen some of these in the tavern. Leaflets extolling the glory of Elora, Goddess of Hope.”

The black eyes fixed themselves on Garath again, “I do believe that’s heresy, blasphemy and idolatry in one single stroke. Thank you for your time Broker Garath, your inquisition is concluded. I would suggest you do not make any plans to leave Anvil as I am quite sure the magistrates will be wanting a word.”

As Garath rose, Casia gestured and the two Sentinels moved to either side of him. Garath glared at his shadows, but said nothing as he left the tent with the two following him.</quote>
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:Synod]]

List of Criminal Offences

2016-06-22T17:45:04Z

JonC: desecration - added back in reference that was moved to religious crimes page so we can actually find it

==Introduction==

The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law often refers to "citizen" or "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. There are some explicit exceptions to this referred to in the definitions below e.g. for slavery and treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a citizen.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that citizens who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a citizen.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a citizen which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a citizen against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another citizen or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the [[Maggot's Talon]] wand, and the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Citizens who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause) and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Annihilation|Annihilation]]: destroying or, endangering with destruction, a human soul.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a citizen reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal Trials|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

List of Criminal Offences

2016-06-22T17:43:33Z

JonC: added link to annihilation religious page

==Introduction==

The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law often refers to "citizen" or "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. There are some explicit exceptions to this referred to in the definitions below e.g. for slavery and treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a citizen.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that citizens who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a citizen.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a citizen which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a citizen against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another citizen or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the [[Maggot's Talon]] wand, and the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Citizens who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause) and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Annihilation|Annihilation]]: destroying or, endangering with destruction, a human soul.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a citizen reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal Trials|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Religious Crimes

2016-06-22T17:42:27Z

JonC: added law of annihilation

==Religious Crimes==
The Imperial constitution charges the Synod with the responsibility for the spiritual welfare of the Empire. The Imperial bureaucracy has interpreted this, in part, as a remit for the Synod to investigate religious and spiritual crimes.

Central to this responsibility is that the Imperial faith does not undermine, or in any way supplant, Imperial law. Consequently, whilst the priests of the Synod may investigate religious crimes, they must present their case to the judiciary, who will then rule on the guilt of the identified person or persons, and determine their punishment.

The Synod powers relevant to this process are [[inquisition]] and [[condemnation]].

Further information on the relation to Imperial Law can be found [[List of Criminal Offences|here]].

The current list of religious crimes includes Idolatry, Blasphemy, Heresy, Abuse of Powers and Desecration.

===Idolatry===
The crime of idolatry is defined as: ''Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.''

This crime incorporates the worship of "gods", Eternals and other supernatural beings, though some priests have considered applying it in a political context as well.

===Blasphemy===
The crime of blasphemy is defined as: ''The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.''

[[Brass Coast Religious Beliefs#FeastOfTheBrokenWheel|The Feast of the Broken Wheel]] practiced by the [[The Brass Coast|Freeborn]] is contentious and some priests in other nations have accused it of being blasphemous, though, to date, no attempted condemnation of any participant has been successful.

===Heresy===
The crime of heresy is defined as: ''The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox [[The Doctrines of the Faith|Doctrines of the Faith]] as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.''

The Synod does permit the discussion, and debate, of the doctrines, and potential variations thereof, as part of theological investigation and learning. The criminal act is the teaching of “truth” that has not been recognised as such by the Synod. Virtuous priests will first seek to change Doctrine in the Synod, rather than undermine it.

===Abuse of Powers===
The crime of abuse of powers is defined as: ''The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.''

The Synod is charged with ensuring the proper conduct of all priestly Imperial citizens, whether they are Synod members or not. Abuse of Synod powers may include looking to use confession and clemency to pervert the law, rather than promote virtue. Abuse of priest ceremonies may include use of the excommunication ceremony on an Imperial citizen without them having first been excommunicated by the Synod.

===Desecration===
The crime of desecration is defined as: ''The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people.''

The Senate passed this into law in Autumn 377. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime. The reference to paragonhood in the example makes it is clear that this law deals with complex issues around virtue and doctrines of the faith and accordingly any prosecution requires condemnation by the appropriate synod assembly.

===Annihilation===
The crime of annihilation is defined as: destroying or, endangering with destruction, a human soul.

The Senate passed this into law in Spring 380. The Magistrates' interpretation is that in order for this law to accord with constitutional principles it must be tried as a religious crime.

<quote>Anger radiated from Garath, filling the tent in which he was sat. The Sentinel by the doorway tensed in response. Conversely, Casia, her black-eyes unblinking, appeared entirely unpeturbed and gently stroked her barbels as she considered the broker.

“This is a travesty, and a waste of time,” spat Garath, “Do you really have nothing better to do with your time, fendweller?”

Casia merely considered him in silence.

“You had no right to haul me in like some criminal!” Gareth railed, “I was in the middle of an important trade deal. You’ve cost me a lot of money and I’ll have every ring of it out of your sodden hide.”

The merrow Illuminate simply lifted her cup and drank from it. Taking her time to finish it if full, she turned again to Garath. Rising from her seat she circled his seat before she finally spoke.

“I’m curious,” she said, without irony, “I have spoken at length to some of your business partners. You are a successful trader, there is no doubt. Yet the part that I do not understand is what you do with the liao you purchase from the Bloodhammer legion. No one I have spoken to reports you ever selling any of it.”

Garath snarled, “Is that it? My cousin Gwyn is a Guide. I provide it to him as part of the work of the Faith. Go and ask him.”

Casia nodded, and paused to produce a notebook in which the name was carefully inscribed. As she was putting her pen away, the tent flapped jostled and another Sentinel entered carrying a bag.

Garath blanched, “That’s mine! You’ve no right…”

“I think you will find that priests of the Synod have the right to go a great many places,” Casia interrupted calmly, as she took the bag from the armed man. Reaching in she produced a handful of small documents.

“Oh my,” she said, her tone unchanged despite the expression of surprise, “I do believe I have seen some of these in the tavern. Leaflets extolling the glory of Elora, Goddess of Hope.”

The black eyes fixed themselves on Garath again, “I do believe that’s heresy, blasphemy and idolatry in one single stroke. Thank you for your time Broker Garath, your inquisition is concluded. I would suggest you do not make any plans to leave Anvil as I am quite sure the magistrates will be wanting a word.”

As Garath rose, Casia gestured and the two Sentinels moved to either side of him. Garath glared at his shadows, but said nothing as he left the tent with the two following him.</quote>
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:Synod]]

List of Criminal Offences

2016-06-22T17:39:52Z

JonC: added religious crime of annihilation

==Introduction==

The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law often refers to "citizen" or "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. There are some explicit exceptions to this referred to in the definitions below e.g. for slavery and treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a citizen.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that citizens who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a citizen.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a citizen which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a citizen against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another citizen or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the [[Maggot's Talon]] wand, and the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Citizens who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause) and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people.
* Annihilation: destroying or, endangering with destruction, a human soul.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a citizen reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal Trials|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

List of Criminal Offences

2016-05-23T12:21:10Z

JonC: clarification of some inconsistent wordings

==Introduction==

The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen. Please note that the law often refers to "citizen" or "person" but who actually benefits from protection under the law can be found [[Imperial_Law_Overview|here]]. There are some explicit exceptions to this referred to in the definitions below e.g. for slavery and treason.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a citizen.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that citizens who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a citizen.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a citizen which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a citizen against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another citizen or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the [[Maggot's Talon]] wand, and the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Citizens who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause) and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a citizen reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal Trials|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

A heap of broken images

2016-03-19T21:56:40Z

JonC: fixing link

<ic>Amira i Haour i Guerra stood her ground, arms folded, in the face of the three orcs.

The one in the middle, who had been doing most of the talking was watching her closely. The other two were looking anywhere but at her - scanning the farm, the house, and the surrounding hills. He tried again, changing tack, narrowing his eyes as if concentrating hard on trying to remember something.

"We have offered you coins, because we want to buy the food from you. It is not Prosperous for you to refuse to reward our hard work in this way."

She stared at him, in much the same way she might stare at a goat that had stood on its hind legs and started to sing the ''Fire Maringo''.

"What?" She hated how stupid she sounded.

"It is not Prosperous. We have gained these coins by ... by hard work." One of the orcs flanking him grinned, the nasty scar across her face twisting the expression into a snarl. "You must recognise our hard work by rewarding us with the goods we desire."

The orc looked triumphant, allowed a smirk of self-satisfaction to spread across his face.

"I told you, that is not the price. I told you the price, which is what the beasts are worth. I am not going to sell them to you for less than that price - and by rights I don't really want to be selling them to you at all. ''Lasambrian''."

The orc scowled. All pretense of pleasantry disappeared. His voice was flat.

"It is my ambition ..." he tasted the word and found it to his liking. "It is my ambition to eat goat meat for my supper, and there is no price too high to pay to get what I want."

He took a step forward, and the two burly orc warriors stepped up with him. She held her ground, even though the warriors towered over her. They were wrapped in heavy leather straps and buckles, with sheep- and goat-skins thrown over their shoulders to give them even greater bulk. She did not doubt that they could kill her before she could do more than cry out once. But she still held her ground.

"Well, ''Lasambrian'', that threat means that the price has tripled. Because you have been rude, and because it is clear to me that you do not have the first idea what the words you are using mean. If you won't pay, then you can get out of my farmyard, and take your attack dogs with you."

The scarred orc warrior rested her hand on the pommel of her scimitar, and leered at the short Freeborn woman.

Before things could escalate further, Jorge and Reisa came around the side of the farm house. Her husband had his vicious bhuj slung casually over his shoulders, and his sister Reisa already had an arrow nocked in her short bow.

"Is everything well, Amira?" asked Jorge, ignoring the orcs.

"Everything is well, husband." she replied. "These ''gentlemen'' were just leaving."

The two warriors eyed the newcomers. The scarred one locked eyes with Jorge and tried to stare him down. He held the orc woman's gaze easily, and it was she who looked away first. The third orc - the ringleader - put one hand on her shoulder and shook his head once, sharply.

"It seems we have failed to agree on a price, ''Freeborn''. We will go away and consider the best course of action, and then we will come back and see if we cannot leave with your goats another time."

There was a naked threat in his voice. He made little effort to conceal it.

"After all, you should never accept defeat. You should adapt your strategy and try again."

He inclined his head to her curtly, spun on his heel, and began to tromp back toward Anduz, his guards falling into step behind him.

Reisa raised her bow slowly, and Jorge put his hand on her arm.

"Not in the back, Reisa." He walked over to stand beside Amira.

"Do you think they will come back?" He asked.

"I don't know." she replied, not taking her eye off the shorter orc who had clearly been doing his homework. She had pegged him as a nasty piece of work, regardless of the fact he was a Lasambrian. "But I think that we should prepare for malice ..."

Her husband's sister, joining them at the gate, caught this last and grinned grimly. She rested one hand on Amira's shoulder and completed her sentence.

" ... yet thwart malice before it strikes against us."

The three of them stood in silence then, watching the orcs stomp back the way they had come.</ic>

==Overview==
The Hierro clan of the Lasambrian [[orc|orcs]] are still in [[Segura]]. The [[Imperial Senate]] resolved to [[Provide_aid_to_the_Hierro_Clan|provide support]] to them, allocating 75 Thrones from the [[Imperial Treasury|treasury]] to the project. Their makeshift camp south of [[Segura#Anduz|Anduz]] is looking a lot less makeshift than it was before the Autumn Equinox.

At the same time, the [[The_Assemblies_of_the_Synod#The_General_Assembly|general assembly]] of the [[Imperial Synod]] appointed the [[Navarr]] priest Taryn of Exile's End to oversee efforts to bring the tenets of [[the Way]] to the displaced Lasambrians. One hundred [[liao]] was made available, and numerous volunteers offered their aid in meeting with and speaking to the orcs.

The Lasambrians were at first suspicious, but the “miraculous” auras that the Imperial priests were able to create commanded their attention. The Hierro appear to have no formal religion as the Empire understands it; instead they revere the dead spirits of their ancestors. It seems that there are not many [[shamans]] among the Hierro clan – there is some talk that the Naguerro clan took the lead in advising on spiritual matters whenever they came up. Indeed, beyond the common orc belief in the [[Imperial_Orcs_religious_beliefs#The_Howling_Abyss|Howling Abyss]] most Hierro orcs seem to have given little through to matters of the soul.

The Way is of great interest to these orcs. The Virtues teach powerful lessons – about personal strength, the importance of ambition, and the drive to achieve great things. Unfortunately, the Hierro interpret the teachings Taryn and his companions bring through the lens of their own experiences and their own culture.

Consequently, the missionary work among the Hierro is having mixed results. Some of the orcs insist on twisting the virtues to fit their preconceptions. For example, they point out that the tenets of Courage entirely support the idea of running away and attacking from ambush. They argue that banditry and raiding are both seriously risky, difficult jobs – and that Prosperity and Ambition alike support the idea of taking what they want from others.

In particular, they scoff at the idea that there is anything special or unique about human souls; rather than accept the reality of the Labyrinth they quickly latch onto the idea that the Virtues provide the spiritual strength to cross the Abyss to the lands of their ancestors – and more than one Lasambrian has openly mocked the idea of “wandering around lost in a maze” as an afterlife worthy only of cattle. Heresy and blasphemy (in their technical terms) are commonplace.

If anything, the Way is making the Lasambrians bolder. When they arrived before the Autumn Equinox they were a broken people, fleeing, defeated. The teachings of the Way seem to be strengthening their spirits – restoring their Ambition, Courage and Pride. Unfortunately it seems that the Lasambrian outlook is strikingly at odds with the Freeborn people they are sharing a land with. Now that the spirit of their people is being restored, the Freeborn and the Lasambrians are finding it increasingly difficult to peacefully coexist.

Inspired by the missionaries, the Lasambrians are becoming more strident in their requests – and their demands. And now they are also showing an interest in joining the Empire … although not in the way anyone expected.

==Significance==
===Support===
The Imperial Senate has agreed to support the Hierro, and will pay 75 Thrones each season to do so. While the Senate continues to disburse these funds, the Lasambrians have no need to engage in banditry to support themselves or their families.

The Senate could [[Powers_of_the_Imperial_Senate#Abrogation|abrogate]] this stipend at any time with a suitable motion. If they were to [[Powers_of_the_Imperial_Senate#Declaration_of_War|declare war]] on the Lasambrians, this would also bring the payments to an end.

===Resupply===
The Lasambrians cannot currently receive [[Casualties#Natural_Resupply|natural resupply]]. Their army is in a seriously depleted state – while there are many orcs, less than three thousand of their number are fighting fit. Representatives of the Hierro clan have approached both merchants in Segura and members of the civil service looking for assistance to resupply themselves, expressing concern not only about the [[Jotun]] to the west, but about the [[Iron Confederacy]] to the south, who appear to be engaged in ruthlessly butchering every Lasambrian they can get their hands on.

They have made a formal request that the Empire provide them with 100 mithril or weirwood so that they can begin [[Casualties#Emergency_Resupply|rebuilding their strength]]. In the event that the Empire is unable, or unwilling, to help them then they will have to consider moving to a safer location – their current camp in south-western Segura would be an easy target for both Confederacy forces and for an invading Jotun army.

While they have formally asked the Senate for assistance, any citizen could provide the general of the Hierro with weirwood or mithril with which to resupply themselves. This would be entirely legal, unless the Senate chooses to declare the Lasambrians to be barbarians in which case providing them any assistance would be treason.

===Further Instruction===
As before the General Assembly of the Imperial Synod may continue to try and spread an understanding of the Way to the Hierro clan. Again, this will require a successful [[Statement of Principle]], a named priest, and the accumulation of another 100 [[liao]].

Before this statement of principle can be effective, however, the assembly will need to make a decision about the interpretation of the Way by the orcs. Should they tolerate the cultural interpretations of the Hierro, bordering as they do on [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|heresy]] and [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]? Or should the priests of the Way require adherence to orthodoxy, refusing to give ground on doctrinal issues? The decision of the Assembly should be clear from the wording of the statement of principle.

===An Eleventh Nation===
A season of receiving religious instruction has encouraged the Hierro to be [[Ambition|Ambitious]] – but it has also reinforced their [[Pride]] in themselves. They have formally requested admittance to the Empire.

However, they still refuse point-blank to join the [[Imperial Orcs]] or otherwise surrender their identity as the Hierro clan. Delegates are being sent to Anvil, but their “request” can be broken down into three main points:

They will not be rootless vagabonds. Like the so-called Imperial Orcs they will require a homeland. They are prepared to accept Segura, but they would prefer Madruga because it does not have a border with their known enemies. This is not negotiable. Either they have land of their own and a Senator, or they will remain independent. Once they are established, they will set about recovering the lost territories of Reinos and Kalino, of course, and adding them to their new Imperial nation.

While they understand this may be difficult, they are more than happy to simply conquer Segura or Madruga if this will make life easier for the Empire.

They wish to discuss the nature of [[Nationality#Egregore|egregores]]; they are currently suspicious. The virtues of [[Vigilance]] and [[Wisdom]] alike help reinforce this suspicion. They require proof that the egregore is not some method of attempting to dominate their people.

The civil service have remained neutral but have pointed out both to the Hierro and to those citizens who have made inquiries that the Lasambrians joining the Empire would require both a motion before the Senate and [[The_Throne#Ratification|ratification]] by [[the Throne]].

Needless to say those citizens of Segura and Madruga who are aware of the “request” are less than thrilled by it.

('''OOC Note:''' While the Lasambrians are requesting admission to the Empire as an eleventh nation, Profound Decisions will ''not'' be making them an available choice for player characters regardless of whether players choose to admit them or not. The Lasambrian orcs will remain non-player characters, and a former-Hierro is not currently available as an option as a background for an Imperial Orc character.)

===Good Neighbours?===
Much of the consternation among the Seguran population about the presence of so many non-believers, has now abated in the light of the growing numbers of Lasambrians taking up a version of the Way. Many Freeborn citizens are increasingly accepting that there is now a place for the Lasambrians in the Empire - the problem is ''where''. They can't stay in Segura... they're simply not Freeborn - and it's very clear that they don't have any intention of becoming Freeborn. As one Brass Coast citizen puts it "their idea of honesty would shame a League mountebank". The general view is that they either need to be dispersed across the Empire as the Imperial Orcs were - or else given a homeland of their own... as the Imperial Orcs were.

That last analogy makes a lot of people in Segura very concerned. Many Freeborn citizens are not adverse to claiming that if the Senate was prepared to take [[Skarsind]] from [[Wintermark]] and give it to the Imperial Orcs - why wouldn't they take Segura from the Brass Coast and do similar? The more level-headed are pointing out that Reikos is a very long way away from the Lasambrians' enemies - and conveniently is up for allocation. More hot-headed voices are openly suggesting that the sensible thing to do is to "encourage" the Lasambrians on now... before the Senate makes its mind up one way or the other.

The Synod may choose to respond to this consternation in several ways.

A suitable judgement raised by the [[The_Assemblies_of_the_Synod#The_National_Assemblies|Freeborn Assembly]], the [[The_Assemblies_of_the_Synod#The_General Assembly|General Assembly]], or any [[The_Assemblies_of_the_Synod#The_Virtue_Assemblies|Virtue Assembly]] could give the green light to those among the Freeborn who are keen to take matters into their own hands and "encourage" the Hierro to move somewhere else. Such a judgement would require a named priest to carry the message to Segura but would not require any liao to be effective (but see below in relation to conflicting judgements). It would likely result in outbreaks of violence between the inhabitants and the newcomers - which would cause further damage to the Lasambrian fighting strength - but would cause the orcs to be displaced to an adjacent Imperial territory.

A suitable judgement raised by the Freeborn Assembly or the General Assembly could urge the Freeborn people to continue to tolerate the presence of the Lasambrian people on their land. A single named priest, armed with at least 50 liao would be influential enough to carry this difficult view across the territory. The current troubles could be quelled for a season in this way - perhaps buying time for a more permanent settlement to be found. If the priest uses 100 or more liao, then it would improve acceptance of the Hierro sufficient for them to successfully purchase the resources they need to gain the equivalent of half a season of natural resupply. In theory such an action could be repeated next season, although it would likely require more and more liao each time as supplies grow scarcer.

The Freeborn Assembly could pass a judgement calling on the Freeborn people to evacuate Segura ''or'' Madruga in preparation for action by the Senate or invasion by the Hierro. Such a judgement would be incredibly contentious. The current mood in these territories is very much opposed to such an outcome. The Assembly would need to name a priest and would require at least 100 liao to make a noticeable difference to attitudes. This would not be an instantaneous affair, but the only way to find out exactly how long it might take would be to attempt it.

In each case, the assembly must name a single priest who will be responsible for collecting and distributing liao to support their judgement. If the Synod attempts to pass multiple conflicting judgements, then the judgement with the most liao backing it will take effect.

In the event that the Synod does ''nothing'', the situation in Segura between the Freeborn and the Hierro clan orcs will continue to deteriorate. An outbreak of violence is certain, as one side or the other takes matters into their own hands. In effect a decision to do nothing by the PCs an Anvil will mean that the decision is made by the NPCs in Segura.

('''OOC Note:''' While there is an opinion among the Freeborn that Reikos would make a much better homeland for the Hierro clan, it is important to note that it is not legal to assign Reikos to these foreigners. It is only legal to assign a territory to an Imperial nation)

<box>'''A note about synod opportunities''' 
There are several complex options here, but the mechanics of how the Synod employs them are the same in each case; a statement of principle by an assembly, naming a single priest who is responsible for overseeing the project. If the statement is supported by the assembly, the named priest should put the liao into their inventory at the end of the event. It is also helpful to e-mail Profound Decisions at empire.plot@profounddecisions.co.uk to remind us the liao is there.</box>

Declaration

2016-03-05T18:06:52Z

JonC: change to reflect that non-magicians might be declared sorcerer due to prohibition on interaction with eternals

{{CaptionedImage|file=GracediTassato.jpg|title=Grace Sanguineo Rezia di Tassato of the Gilded Horn carta appears skeptical.|caption=Declarations are the political tools - or weapons - of the Conclave.|align=left|width=300}}
==Overview==
The Conclave has a number of powers to enable them to fulfil their constitutional role to support the proper use of magic by the Empire. These powers are grouped together as the Declarations of the Conclave. Declarations are used by the Conclave to determine policy and to appoint citizens to the Imperial titles appointed by the Conclave. They always require a vote by the assembled Imperial magicians to pass.

A declaration can generally be thought of as a short sentence beginning "''The Imperial conclave declares ...''" and then a single specific thing such as "''...that I am Archmage of Winter''" or "''...that Sadogua should be considered an ally of the Empire.''"

==Procedure==
===Raising a declaration===
A declaration is placed on the [[Conclave_session#Setting_the_Agenda|agenda]] for the next [[Conclave session]]. Placing a declaration costs a mana crystal, which must be paid when the declaration is raised. The civil servant records the name of the person raising the declaration and the specifics of what that declaration is about. For example "''Xavier i Guerra raises a Declaration of Sorcery against Pieter Vanderhooven''" or "''Lebannon of Haros Water raises a Declaration of Candidacy for the title of Archmage of Winter''".

The [[grandmaster]] of each [[Conclave order|order]] has a power called the [[Grandmaster#Veil of night|veil of night]] which allows them to raise a declaration to the agenda without revealing any specifics of that declaration, in which case it is recorded as "''"The Grandmaster of (Order) raises a declaration.''"

===Presentation===
The format follows the approach used for an [[Conclave address|address]]. Each declaration in turn is announced by the civil service, in the order in which they were placed on the agenda. The individual who raised the declaration to the agenda then has one minute to present their position, they must [[Principle of Proportions|spend crystal mana]] if they wish to [[Conclave_session#Speaking_before_the_Conclave|speak]] for longer.

===Debate===
After the declaration has been presented, those present may pay mana for the right to [[Conclave session#Speaking before the Conclave|discuss]] the subject, in order determined by the [[Principle of Precedence]].

===Resolution===
After the discussion is complete, every Imperial magician present may vote in favour or against, or may choose to abstain. If more magicians vote in favour than vote against, the declaration is carried. In the case of a tie, the declaration is considered to have failed.

The civil servants supporting the meeting may choose to count votes on a general aye or nay where the outcome is very clear. If voting is required, magicians normally vote by raising their hands and are counted out by order with civil servant counting independents and verifying any counts.

==List of Declarations==
===Declaration of Candidacy===
The Conclave can declare someone to hold a specific title controlled by the Conclave. This is most commonly used to propose someone for the title of [[archmage]], [[Warmage]] or [[Dean of the Lyceum]], but there are a number of other temporary or permanent positions that might be allocated using this declaration. Occasionally, this declaration has been used to simply remove someone from their position, by declaring that their post should be filled with ''nobody''.

It is typical for the civil service to group all declarations of candidacy that effect the same position together at the point on the agenda where the last one was raised and conduct a single vote for the position. In this case, each individual who has raised that declaration makes a presentation in the order they raised their candidacy, then a single discussion takes place followed by a single vote. The candidate with the most votes takes the title.

The incumbent does not automatically get to make a presentation - although there is nothing to stop them raising themselves as a candidate if they realise someone is challenging for their title. They may speak normally during the discussion period, and the incumbent is automatically presented as an option during the voting process without the need for a separate declaration.

A Declaration of Candidacy comes into legal effect at the end of the session, after all the [[gambit|gambits]] are resourced. It is the responsibility of the previous holder of the title to ensure that all regalia passes to the new title holder speedily and with the minimum of fuss.

===Declaration of Concord ===
The Conclave makes an agreed upon statement of belief, intent or support. It has no binding legal element but clearly expresses the intent of the Conclave. It is often used to decide that the Conclave agrees to bring a matter before the [[Imperial Senate|Senate]], and potentially to nominate someone responsible for liaising with the [[Senator|senators]] to raise a motion there.

Occasionally the Declaration of Concord is used in advance to declare that a specific magical act will not be considered sorcery. In 326YE for example, a number of [[Curse|curses]] were placed on individuals who had been identified by the [[Shuttered Lantern]] as supporters of the [[Briar|briars]] involved in the [[Freedom Heresy|Freedom heresy]]. Given the personal power of several of these individuals, the covens involved sought this Declaration immediately before placing the curses and used it (successfully) as a defence when magicians associated with the [[Imperial Senate]] and [[Imperial Synod]] tried to have them declared sorcerers in the aftermath.

The Declaration of Concord has also been used to set in motion the sequence of events that lead to the [[Conclave_order#Creation_and_Dissolution_of_an_Order|creation or dissolution of a Conclave order]].

===Declaration of Endowment===
Any mana or illium that the Conclave owns is automatically added to the Font - for distribution between the orders. Other property, such as [[Game_items#Materials|materials]], items, money and even resources, are not added to the Font - they remain the property of the Conclave until they are distributed by a Declaration of Endowment.

Anyone raising a Declaration of Endowment must state what property of the Conclave they wish to transfer and who to. The recipient may be any Imperial citizen - but it can also be one or more of the Conclave orders. Any resources, items or riches endowed on an order are added to that order's vaults. They may only be accessed thereafter via a gambit.

The Conclave cannot rescind a Declaration of Endowment; once passed the item or items become the full legal property of the recipient. The Conclave can indicate that they ''expect'' a magician to bequeath an item to the Conclave when they are finished with it, but they cannot create a legal obligation to do so as part of a Declaration of Endowment. If the Conclave is bequeathed a resource that provides an ongoing income then they may either pass a declaration to endow the resource - or instead endow some portion of the income accrued to date.

===Declaration of Sorcery===
The Conclave may declare someone to be a sorcerer. The most common reason for this declaration is as a result of an abuse of 'legal curses' against citizens or allies of the Empire, or against those engaged in suspect trade of magical resources (often in conjunction with a legal penalty assessed by an [[Imperial_law#Magistrates and trials|Imperial magistrate]]). If this Declaration is made:

* the sorcerer is prohibited from contributing to rituals.
* the sorcerer is prohibited from carrying or using crystal mana.
* the sorcerer is not permitted to run a mana site; the resource is confiscated by the civil service.
* the sorcerer cannot hold any title within the Imperial Conclave.
* the sorcerer cannot use mana to raise an item to the conclave agenda.
* the sorcerer cannot use mana to speak before the conclave.
* the sorcerer is prohibited from knowingly interacting with [[Eternals]] or their heralds.

All crystal mana owned by someone declared to be a sorcerer is legally forfeit to the Conclave. A sorcerer who violates these prohibitions will be subject to arrest and trial before a [[Imperial Law|magistrate]]. During the Spring Summit 378YE, the [[Imperial Senate]] voted to add a prohibition against interaction with eternals and their heralds to the declaration.

===Declaration of Reconciliation===
The Conclave may reconcile a sorcerer with the Empire. If this declaration is made, all rights that were taken from them are returned. They regain possession of any confiscated mana site, but not of any crystal mana it may have produced while they were sorcerers.

This declaration can also be used to remove or modify a ban placed by the [[#Declaration of Interdiction|declaration of interdiction]].

===Declaration of Amity===
The Conclave may declare a specific [[Eternals|eternal]] is an ally of the Conclave. Members of the Conclave are encouraged to demonstrate courtesy and even aid these Eternals, or their Heralds, where it is possible for them to do so. The Eternal, and any associated Heralds, gain the rights of [[Amity_and_enmity|Amity]]. This declaration overturns a [[#Declaration of Enmity|declaration of enmity]].

In some cases, the Empire has attracted the attention of an eternal they wished to initiate contact with through this declaration. The [[Declaration#Declaration of Concord|Declaration of Concord]] has been used occasionally with some success, but the most effective way to get the attention of an eternal who is not currently interested in the Empire is through the Declaration of Amity.

Further information about the rights of Amity and a list of the Eternals who currently benefit from these rights is available [[Amity_and_enmity|here]].

===Declaration of Enmity===
The Conclave may declare a specific [[Eternals|Eternal]] to be an enemy of the Empire. If this declaration is made, it becomes dangerous for anyone to consort with the Eternal named in this declaration, or with their Heralds. Such an act usually results in the offender being declared a sorcerer, but they may also face investigation by a magistrate for treason. Having [[Amity_and_enmity|enmity]] from the Conclave brings with it a number of other drawbacks. It automatically overturns a [[#Declaration of Amity|declaration of amity]].

Further information about the effects of Enmity and a list of the Eternals who are currently enemies of the Empire is available [[Amity_and_enmity|here]].

===Declaration of Neutrality===
This declaration removes either amity or enmity from a specific target and returns them to a neutral legal status. Any benefits gained from, or penalties imposed by, the previous status are lost at the end of the conclave session.

===Declaration of Imperial Lore===
Rituals that are part of [[Imperial Lore]] are widely available to any Imperial citizen. New rituals may be added to Imperial Lore by this declaration. The declaration instructs the civil service to arrange for a specific ritual be added to the body of Imperial Lore, allowing magicians all over the Empire to receive training in the ritual. This process requires three things:
* A copy of a ritual text detailing the ritual which is used up as part of the process
* A successful Declaration of Imperial Lore
* Ten thrones which are given to the civil service to pay for distribution of the ritual
Once a ritual is added to Imperial Lore it is currently impossible to remove it. The best the Conclave can do is attempt to declare performance of the ritual to be sorcery with the [[#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]. In the past, the Conclave has often approached the [[Imperial Senate]] for assistance paying the ten Thrones, but this requires a separate motion from the Senators.

===Declaration of Dissemination===
While rituals that are part of Imperial Lore are available to any Imperial citizen, there are circumstances where a magician might wish to share one of these rituals with someone else, or may simply desire a ritual text for their own personal library. Doing so invariably requires the creation of a [[Imperial_Lore#Ritual_Texts|ritual text]], which can be handed over to the target. A magician who brings a declaration of dissemination before the conclave must name a specific ritual that is part of Imperial lore. They may also name a person or group who will receive the ritual text - for example "the [[Principalities of Jarm|Jarmish]] house of [[Principalities_of_Jarm_ports#Rigia_.28Eastern_Principalities_of_Jarm.29|Radz]]" or "the [[Asavean_Archipelago|Asavean ambassador]]". If the declaration passes, the civil service will arrange to create a ritual text and deliver it to the individual by the start of the next solstice or equinox at the latest.

Creating a ritual text through the declaration of dissemination requires ten thrones, which are given to the civil service to pay for the codification of the ritual.

===Declaration of Interdiction===
The Conclave may censor specific rituals, items and materials that represent a significant magical danger to the Empire. In the case of rituals it doesn't prevent knowing the ritual, but it means that producing the magical effect that that ritual creates is [[List_of_Criminal_Offences#Crimes_against_the_Processes_of_the_State|henceforth illegal]]. For magic items and materials it is illegal to use the interdicted items or materials and they should be handed in promptly to the civil service to be destroyed or placed out of reach, as appropriate.

====Interdicted Items====
The Conclave has interdicted the following as of the start of Summer 379YE.

{|
| '''Item''' || '''Nature''' || '''Name of Declarer'''
|-
| The Imperial Crown || Magical item || Nithyn
|-
| The Ancient Vallorn Ritual || Ritual || ?
|-
| Vallorn Seeds || Item || ?
|-
|}

===Declaration of the Balance===
This declaration requires every [[grandmaster]] pass a vote of confidence from the members of their order who are present. If the declaration succeeds then each order in turn votes whether to support for the grandmaster or not, starting with the order with the highest precedence. If the majority of members support their grandmaster, their position is safe; if the majority do not, then the grandmaster loses their position at the end of the conclave session, and the civil service arrange [[Grandmaster#Hustings|a new election]] before the next conclave session.

[[Category:Conclave]]

List of Criminal Offences

2016-02-07T11:57:23Z

JonC: added law banning trade of bourse materials with asavea

==Introduction==

The definitions of the crimes are brief, but this reflects the laws of the setting. Crimes are based on simple principles and are addressed by following the spirit of the law rather than complex technical arguments. The magistrates will do their best to interpret and apply the law with the pursuit of justice and the imperial interest as their goal. Justice is intended to be swift but fair and to be available to all without the need for lawyers to interpret what the law means to the ordinary citizen.

==Crimes against the Person==
* Murder: Unlawful assault or other action against a person with intent to kill and which results in someone’s death.
* Manslaughter: Unlawful assault or other action against a person which results in someone’s death.
* Assault: Unlawfully striking a citizen.

There is a traditional defence to an assault charge which applies where unwelcome visitors who refuse to leave your camp are cut down, removed from camp and then provided with sufficient medical assistance to avoid permanent injury. One who is accused of assault but wishes to claim this defence should plead not guilty if it goes to trial. However, if the magistrate decides that the accused’s behaviour was unreasonable they will be found guilty.

Remember that citizens who consent to do so can fight each other without fear of legal sanction, provided that nobody is seriously hurt and they are not causing a public order issue.
* Mayhem: Unlawfully maiming or mutilating a citizen.
* Poisoning: Introducing or applying a poisonous substance or effect to a citizen which causes them harm.
* False Imprisonment: Unlawfully detaining a citizen against their will. Suspects must be directly supervised during any period of lawful custody.
* Malsanguino: Willfully preventing someone from receiving medical attention with the intention of causing them harm.
Note that malsanguino does not apply where somebody simply refuses to provide medical attention.
* Slavery: Unlawfully holding the power of life and liberty over any person.

It is worth noting that [[Orc|orcs]] were redefined as people when they became [[Imperial Orcs|a nation of the Empire]]. Whether a person is a citizen or not is irrelevant, so it is also illegal to enslave barbarian orcs.

A note on piracy: Although there is currently no crime specifically relating to acts of piracy, in practice this activity falls under the crimes of assault, theft, criminal damage, murder and so on. Be aware that acts of piracy committed against [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|foreigners]] by imperial citizens will be investigated as criminal acts.

==Crimes of Property==
* Theft: Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. The burden is on the accused to satisfy the magistrate as to their intention to return the property.
* Handling Stolen Goods: Receiving or disposing of goods which you know or believe to be stolen.
* Counterfeiting: The falsifying, or unlawfully creating or amending of an imperial document or legal tender.
* Criminal Damage: Unlawfully destroying or damaging any property either belonging to another citizen or to the Empire. Magistrates often refuse to bring to trial cases involving accidents or claims of negligence, preferring such cases to be held in the civil courts. Criminal damage to Imperial property is almost always dealt with in the criminal courts however.
* Possession or supply of controlled substances or items: this includes both illegal narcotics and items. It is illegal to carry the [[Maggot's Talon]] wand, and the substance [[Legacy of Thorns#Gutwrench|gutwrench]]. The [[Potion#Poisons|poisons]] created by [[Surgical skills#Apothecary|apothecaries]] using the lores of [[The Assassin's Gate]] and [[The Winter Moon]] are likewise illegal. [[Scorpion's Sting]] daggers were legalised in Winter 378.
*[[Outlaw Vallorn cultivation|Vallorn cultivation]]: It is illegal to cultivate vallorn. Note: Magical interactions with Vallorn may fall under the Conclave's constitutional remit to ensure the fit and proper use of magic in the service of the Empire. Magistrates who investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be.
*[[Outlaw foreign True Liao trade|Trade of True Liao to foreigners]]: It is illegal to trade [[Liao#True, or Imperial, Liao|True Liao]] to anyone who is not an Imperial citizen. [[Amend_law_regarding_foreign_True_Liao_trade|However]], the distribution of True Liao by the gatekeepers of virtue, for no payment, does not constitute "Trade" for this purpose.
*[[Outlaw_Asavean_bourse_material_trade|Trade of bourse materials to Asavea]]: It is illegal to trade White Granite, Illium, Weirwood or Mithril with Asavea. Magistrates' interpretation is that trade in either direction and to any Asavean person or representative is illegal.

==Crimes of Position==
* Treason: Aiding barbarians, [[Amity_and_emnity|eternals]] or foreign powers to act against the interests of the Empire. Committing an assault against the emperor or empress. Only citizens and former citizens of the Empire may be charged with treason.
* Impersonation of an Imperial Official: Falsely and dishonestly claiming to be a senator, civil servant, member of the militia etc. Any person who with intent to deceive impersonates an official of the Empire or does any act calculated falsely to suggest that they are, shall be found guilty of this crime.
* Dereliction of Duty: Volunteering for an imperial duty and then failing to carry it out through neglect or cowardice. Members of the Militia are expected to act in accordance with their duties when they observe a crime in progress or about to occur. Citizens who take the battlefield and then show conspicuous cowardice in the face of the enemy may also be tried for this offence. This offence does not relate to the abuse of an imperial position, which is within the remit of the Synod.
* Membership of the organisation known as the [[Vyig]] is [[Create_law_outlawing_the_Vyig|illegal]]. Furthermore, possession of Vyig tattoos is illegal and such tattoos will be defaced in addition to any other punishment.

==Crimes against the Processes of the State==
* Contempt of Court: any behaviour which impedes the proper operation of the legal process. For example, being disruptive during a trial or disrespectful of the magistrate's authority, failing to attend court (or any other relevant meeting with a magistrate), and failing to obey the lawful order of a magistrate.
* Perverting the Course of Justice: any behaviour calculated to unduly affect the course of the judicial process. For example, bearing false witness, making false allegations, concealing offences or assisting others to evade arrest, interference with witnesses or evidence and evading, withholding or perverting a lawful punishment.
* Subverting agencies of the state: any behaviour which contravenes or subverts the constitutionally protected procedures or powers of an agency of the state.

''For example:'' rigging or ineligible participation in the national election of senators (such as a yeoman disguising their identity to enter a tourney to determine the person who may select Dawnish senators), a senator entering the General’s tent to interfere with their military strategies, a member of the synod being refused the right to witness (without cause) and so on. This crime does not apply to the abuse of constitutionally granted powers by the person or body who is entitled to wield them.

* Resisting Arrest: Any course of action with the intent to oppose a lawful arrest.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|Declaration of Sorcery]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Sorcery|prohibitions]] placed upon a sorcerer is a serious crime.
* Contravening a [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|Declaration of Interdiction]]: breaching the [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|prohibitions]] placed upon interdicted magic is a serious crime.
*Improper placement of an aura on the senate building: The placing of an aura on the senate building without prior explicit permission from the Senate.
*Improper placement of an aura on the civil service hub: The placing of an aura on the civil service hub without prior explicit permission from the magistrates and civil servants.

==Religious Crimes==
Religious crimes are tried by a magistrate but are raised by the [[Imperial Synod]].
* [[Religious_Crimes#Idolatry|Idolatry]]: Subsuming human will and destiny to any inhuman entity or force. This includes the worship, veneration or exaltation of any such being or power.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Blasphemy|Blasphemy]]:The denigration of the Paragons and the Paths of Virtue. This includes promoting False Virtues and the teachings, or example, of False Exemplars or False Paragons.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Heresy|Heresy]]: The willful rejection, or perversion of, the Orthodox Doctrines of the Faith as laid down by the Imperial Synod, or actively teaching and promoting False Doctrines.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Abuse_of_Powers|Abuse of Powers]]: The misuse, or abuse, of the powers of a priest. This includes the powers of the Synod, as well as liao ceremonies.
* [[Religious_Crimes#Desecration|Desecration]]: The removal of spontaneously created auras such as legacies of ascendance to paragonhood. This includes such auras arising on areas, objects and people.

==What isn’t a criminal offence?==
* '''Fraud:''' Dishonesty calculated for personal gain. However be aware that a victim might raise a civil case in these circumstances.
* '''Blackmail:''' Using threats to make a gain or to cause a loss to another.
* '''Slander and Libel:''' Making disparaging and false statements about another in public.
* '''Use of magic:''' Using magic on another person is never in and of itself a crime. However if the effect of the magic meets the definition of a crime then the fact that this effect was achieved by magic is no defence. ''For example,'' a curse of poverty doesn't meet the definition of any criminal offence but a death curse most certainly does. The Conclave are responsible for overseeing the proper operation of magic and have powers which allow them to take action against those who use it inappropriately.

==Five things about criminal offences==
* '''Attempt to Commit a Crime:''' An attempt to commit a crime will be tried in the same way as if they had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Aiding and Abetting of Crime:''' Encouraging, soliciting or helping with the perpetration of a crime. This will be tried in the same way as if the accused had committed the crime but may (or may not) result in a lesser sentence.
* '''Consent:''' It is possible for willing participants to give consent so that what would otherwise be crimes being committed against them are not. ''For example:'' two individuals who have agreed to spar with weapons would not be guilty of assault for striking each other. It is considered wise to make such terms clear in the event that there is a disagreement later. While duelling is permitted it is not possible to consent to your own murder (but a priest for the surviving party might make a plea for clemency based on the reasons for the duel).
* '''Lawful Arrest:''' If an ordinary citizen or member of the militia who believes another person has committed a crime apprehends them, then the law provides some protection against crimes (for example, assault) associated with this act. However, if a magistrate decides that their actions were disproportionate or that it was not reasonable to believe that the person apprehended had committed a crime then this protection will not apply. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty.
* '''Self-defence:''' If a citizen reasonably believes that their property or the safety of themselves or others is in immediate jeopardy then they may use reasonable force in order to protect them. If a citizen wishes to claim this defence at trial then they should plead not guilty. The magistrate will determine whether their behaviour was reasonable and if she decides that it was not then the accused will be found guilty. Claims of self-defence will also fail where the accused is already engaged on a course of criminal activity or is subject to lawful arrest. Using a claim of self-defence to justify protecting a barbarian will very likely fail unless the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused reasonably believed that the victim was entitled to [[Imperial_Law_Overview#Individuals and the law|protection under the law]].

==Further Reading==
* You can learn more about the Non-Player Character and Player Character officers of the law [[Officers of the Law|here]].
* You can learn more about how trials are conducted [[Criminal Trials|here]].
* You can learn more about civil trials and claims against fellow citizens [[Civil Claims|here]].
* You can gain a more detailed overview of Imperial law [[Imperial Law Overview|here]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Outlaw Asavean bourse material trade

2016-02-07T11:56:38Z

JonC: fix link

<ic>Assavian Blood Granite Bill
In that was as an Empire belive that the Soul should be free to follow virtue and that slavery is both against the law and a crime against virtue. We should endevour to use our power as senators to make sure that this truth, and the soul of the Empire, is not compromised by greed or other false virtues.

To that end

This motion is to make the trade of the following goods with Asavea illegal:

White Granite

Illium

Weirwood

Mithril Proposed by Hercynia, seconded by Miekarova.</ic>

===Overview===
* A change to law regarding the trade of bourse materials (white granite, mithril, weirwood, and [[ilium]]), with citizens of the [[Asavean Archipelago]].
* Passed

===Date===
* Autumn 379YE.

===Campaign Outcome===
*The prohibition has passed into law and been added to the [[List_of_Criminal_Offences#Crimes_of_Property]]

[[Category: Senate Motion]]

Imperial law

2015-09-08T18:10:16Z

JonC: added link to constitution

==Overview==
Imperial Law is the body of law which has been created by the [[Imperial Senate]] and which extends the principles laid down in the [[Imperial Constitution]]. The law is prosecuted by magistrates, members of the [[Imperial Civil Service]] who are trained in Imperial jurisprudence. Magistrates act as judges during trials, determining guilt and sentencing and are able to deputise individuals to help them enforce the laws. The Throne and members of the [[Imperial Synod]] may appeal for clemency on behalf of the accused to obtain a reduced sentence.

==Magistrates and trials==
The implementation of the Law is overseen by the magistrates. They instigate an investigation into any potential crimes they are aware of; any character who believes a crime has been committed may bring the matter to the attention of a magistrate. The magistrates have far-reaching legal powers to allow them to go anywhere in the Empire and demand an audience with any citizen, similar to those possessed by the Synod. The magistrates may also deputise citizens to act on their behalf, either to gather evidence or to arrest a suspect.

Trials are [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisitorial_system inquisitorial] rather than [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adversarial_system adversarial]. There are no juries and no barristers. Trials are conducted by the magistrate who weighs the evidence and determines guilt and the accused is expected to speak in their own defence. The magistrate has the authority to silence anyone from speaking in their court and will use this power to ensure that trials remain short and dramatic.

Modern legal frameworks do not apply. There is no right to silence; if the accused refuses to answer a question, the magistrate may make an adverse inference about their guilt. Hearsay and circumstantial evidence are admissible. If a person has been murdered late at night, reports that the accused is known to dislike the accused may be weighted as evidence.

If the magistrate finds the accused guilty then they will proceed to sentencing. If the accused has pleaded guilty, a member of the [[Imperial Synod]] may submit a plea for clemency on their behalf. The plea must be based on Virtuous grounds; that is they must establish that the accused was acting virtuously, albeit illegally, when they committed their actions.

Magistrates have considerable power but are known to be bound by powerful magical oaths to uphold the spirit of the Law. As such they are considered to be above reproach. Their decisions may be incorrect - they are not infallible - but they are known to be absolutely impartial and honest.

==Magistrates and the Constitution==
Any motions passed by the Senate which change the Imperial Constitution or the way it is interpreted require authorization by The Throne and approval by the NPC magistrates.

These magistrates perform a dual IC and OOC function:

* IC They are responsible for ensuring that the founding principles of the constitution are protected.
* OOC They will not ratify a change to the constitution which Profound Decisions believe will adversely affect the enjoyment of the game. As the IC wording of the constitution is already written with this in mind, we believe that they will be able to provide IC reasoning for any rejection of a constitutional change.

Normally there are three chief magistrates who rule on constitutional matters in addition to their other duties. There is no right to appeal against their verdict. These magistrates are usually happy to discuss senatorial motions which may have constitutional implications and they will offer advice as best they can.

Examples of things which are guaranteed to be rejected by the magistrates include expelling a nation from the Empire, dispossessing citizens of their wealth and property, centralizing additional powers to the Throne or Senate, disestablishing the Bourse, Conclave, Military Council or Synod or frivolous or stupid laws.

==Purpose==
The point of the Law is to attempt to create a game in which there is a strong effective legal sanction against theft and murder. The goal is to create a convincing, compelling and original setting and also to encourage the majority of player-vs-player activity in the game to remain political rather than murderous. By making murder difficult to get away with, we hope to ensure that it is the least attractive option open to a player in dealing with their political enemies, rather than the most attractive option. The goal of Empire is to focus on a high degree of political interaction between players but have the balance of combat take place between players and monsters.

All magistrates will be NPCs, so that they work solely towards the goal of making the Law be trustworthy and effective. Any player character in this role would be minded to have other in-character considerations, other than to promote the game. The magistrates are also briefed to ensure that trials remain short and sweet, rather than running on interminably which is common in situations where they are not rigorously controlled.

Because the magistrates primary role is to make the law effective, they will ''never'' be used to run plot around corruption or other themes. They can be swayed by clever or charismatic testimony but they cannot be bribed, blackmailed or browbeaten.

==Further Reading==
*[[Imperial Law Overview|Overview of Imperial law]]
*[[Officers of the Law]].
*[[Criminal Trials]].
*[[Civil Claims]].
*[[List of Criminal Offences]].
*[[Imperial Constitution]].

[[Category:The Law]]
[[Category:The Empire]]

Professional killers

2015-09-06T22:33:20Z

JonC: typo

<ic>
Movement, just in the corner of her vision. She looked up from the book she was trying to read, irritated. She knew it was irrational but ... One of the damned guards was standing outside the latticed windows leading into the garden, with a lantern, watching her. She turned round and gave him an exasperated look and mouthed "still not dead".

She stared at him until he moved away. Then she stood up and pulled the long velvet drapes across the glass doors.

it had taken her long enough to persuade them to leave her study. Honestly. She was at home in her own library; there were guards at the front and back, one in the cellar and one on the roof. How did the imagine an assassin was going to get to her? She had half a mind to compose a strongly-worded note to Senator Adamah of the Silent Tide; apparently this whole ridiculous arrangement had been his idea.

Still ... she checked the drawer at her desk as she sat back down, to reassure herself that there was a naked blade within easy reach.

The drawer was empty. She frowned. Someone cleared their throat.

She turned and for a moment found it next to impossible to take in what she was seeing. A plump fellow in a simple white mask, wrapped up in a long billowing cloak, was standing near the mirror. He had her knife in one hand, and in a smooth motion that was almost too fast for her to follow, stepped close and put one hand on her shoulder. The strength went out of her limbs and she slumped backwards trying to remember how to shout for help it was so hard to focus and ...

Her confusion ended abruptly as the doors from the garden exploded in a shower of glass and splinters. A large orc, roaring at the top of his lungs, with a sword in each hand, charged into the room straight from the garden. Her assailant was obviously as surprised as she was. He made an attempt to drive the knife into Helena's throat but the sudden apperance of the orc had broken the strange malaise that had fallen over the civil servant.

"How dare you come into my home!" she bellowed, as she threw herself backwards. The assassin over-extended himself. Before he could recover, the orc guard had barelled straight into him and brought him down with a bonecrushing tackle.

As the two tussled on the floor, the other guard - a no-nonsense Highborn woman - appeared in the shattered lattice, made a quick assessment, and tore down one of the long curtains.

"Hakkah! Over here!" she shouted as she rushed forward.

The orc stopped methodically smashing his fist into the would-be murderer's face, and rolled to one side. The Highborn guard threw the drape over his prone victim, and kicked it twice - once in the head, once in the crotch. A hand holding a knife emerged momentarily from under the edge of the heavy crimson fabric and swiped at her knee ... and she stamped on it repeatedly until it dropped the blade and withdrew.

Helena stood up, shakily. She looked from one to the other. The orc was shouting something at their prisoner, straddling him, ready to pound him into submission if he tried to put up a fight. The prisoner moaned faintly, but had the good sense not to continue struggling.

The door burst open, and two more guards and a pair of militia volunteers crowded through into the library. As the Highborn woman barked instructions at the newly arrived militia, Helena closed her workbook. Slightly regretfully, realisng it was unlikely she was going to get any work done. For one, she would need to get a glazier into fix the doors into the garden; for two, she was going to be busy setting up a camp-bed in her sleeping chamber, and discussing her itinerary for the rest of the month with her new best friends ...</ic>

==Overview==
In the last three months, there have been further attacks against the remaining civil servants associated with the department of [[historical research]]. The first attack came a fortnight after the end of the Summer Solstice; Edgar of Woldstone was assaulted while researching the origins of the [[Vallorn]] in [[Kallavesa#Rundhal|Rundhal]] for the [[Advisor on the Vallorn]].

The attack resulted in a slightly different outcome to [[bloody murder|the terrible crimes of the previous season]].

When the assassin attempted to murder Edgar, he was unprepared for the sudden appearance of the civil servant's bodyguards. Warren of Aldstock and Jennifer Greenwood, yeomen of the Marches, intercepted the masked assassin as he approached the oblivious researcher and engaged him in a short, bloody scuffle. Taken by surprise, the assassin was completely outmatched and attempted to flee. While the two [[yeomen of the Marches|yeomen]] made every effort to take the murderer alive, he died of a nasty wound inflicted when Jennifer threw her hatchet after his fleeing form.

According to Edgar of Woldstone, who examined the body with the assistance of several [[Kallavesi]] mystics, there is no doubt that the assassin was not a mortal man at all, but a herald. Beneath the bone-white [[dramaturgy]] mask the would-be murderer wore, the creature had no face; simply a featureless smooth surface. Perhaps more compellingly, the body dissolved completely over the course of the next twelve hours leaving behind only the mask and a pair of blue leather gloves. Even these last pieces of evidence have disappeared; they vanished from a sealed box while in transit from Rundhal to [[Astolat#The Castle of Thorns|the Castle of Thorns]] in [[Astolat]].

The second and third attacks went more or less the same way. An attempt against the life of Edgar of Woldstone saw the assassin escape by throwing itself through a window into a canal.

The third attack came against Helena Raminci di Sarvos. Attacked in her personal library; the guards employed by the [[Imperial Senate|Senate]] managed to capture the assailant by wrapping him in a long velvet drape.

The [[magistrates]] were immediately called, and the would-be assassin taken into custody. Following this, there have been no further attacks against civil servants from the department of historical research.

==Significance==
The Senate has passed a motion to assign significant funds to providing the historical research department with constant, round-the-clock protection. While the remaining civil servants have had a few frightening encounters, no more have been slaughtered. The upkeep of these elite bodyguards is ongoing. If the Senate [[Powers_of_the_Imperial_Senate#Abrogation|abrogated]] these fund it is likely that the attacks would begin again if the underlying situation was not redressed..

Furthermore, recruitment within the civil service for the department of historical research is at a standstill, and several of the remaining members have chosen to take early retirement or to seek transfer to other departments. As such, the Senate still has the ability to commission only two historical research projects each season.

Magistrate Karkovich has confirmed that he intends to seek the assistance of the Archmage of Night during the upcoming summit. The would-be murderer will be brought to Anvil for interrogation by magical experts, and to face trial for his crimes.
[[Category:History]][[Category:379YE]][[Category:Recent History]]

Strange harvest

2015-09-06T21:27:39Z

JonC: also consult advisor on vallorn!

<ic>Walter leant forward, carefully turning the cerulean blossom this way and that in his gloved hand. For such a large man, his touch was surprisingly delicate. Behind him, Bertrand shifted his weight from foot to foot, opened his mouth several times, but ultimately said nothing.

Carefully, Walter took a petal of one of the blue flowers between thumb and forefinger, and pulled. The petal resisted, stretching slightly. He increased the pressure, and it finally came loose. He brought it to his nose, sniffed it. Removed one of his gloves and gingerly crushed the petal, then sniffed his fingers.

Then he stepped back.

"What do you think?" Asked Betrand, anxiously.

Walter nodded. "Definitely the same thing. Same flower, same bush, same thorns. It is the same as the one growing on my farm, same as the one Helena has wrapped around one of her trees. There's a few minor differences, but nothing I'd say was significant. As a botanist, I mean."

Bertrand screwed up his face in thought for a moment then, as if he were exploring the idea, he said:

"But all the other plants were different?"

Walter nodded again. "Yes. I've not seen the same aberration twice in any of the farms, or the woods. They were all unrelated, effectively unique, and to be honest with you a lot stranger than this bush although ..."

He pointed then to the ground beneath the thorny briar.

"Do you see? The grass is dead. I saw that in the other cases too. I'll wager that within a fortnight every other small plant within three paces of the bush will be dead. I can't explain it, but I have suspicions. I think the bush is pulling something out of the soil. We'd best hope it doesn't spread."

He pondered, tugging his earlobe again. Peered around the rest of the field. A trio of yeomen were hard at work clearing unnaturally vital weeds, and a small sapling that semed to all the world to be trying to hit them with one of it's thin, springy branches.

"But it's not showing much sign of -"

Walter stopped. Bertrand had gone white, like a man who had seen a ghost. He was looking past Walter, at the bush. Walter turned.

The petals were falling from the blue flowers. One by one they curled up, died, and dropped off. Where the flowers had been, there were now dozens of tiny pods - a little like rose hips. Even as they watched, these hips dessicated and popped audibly and dropped off until only one was left. That one fruit continued to swell turning a deep ruby red as it did so. Bertrand cried out a warning convinced it was about to explode ... but then it stopped. Nestled in among the thorny fronts, a crimson fruit a little smaller than a man's fist.

"Well that was unexpected," said Walter calmly. He leant in to examine the fruit, prodded it with a bare finger and regretted it immediately. It seemed firm to the touch, and he was taken with how full of vitality it was. He had to fight down the urge to take a bite out of it - it looked delivious.

He chewed his moustache thoughtfully instead, and then made up his mind.

"I think we're going to have to get Lady Julienne involved. Send a runner up to the manor and ask if she can spare us an hour or to of her time. You might also discreetly send someone to ask the Circle of the White Hare if they want to come and look at this. I think this is beyond the two of us now, my friend - and whatever is going on here is a damn sight more unnatural than ..."

He gestured to the yeomen still wrestling with the new sapling in the middle of the wheat field.

"Than whatever is going on everywhere else."</ic>
==Overview==
Less than a month after the Summer Solstice, thick clouds of vallorn miasma spread from [[Brocéliande]] into [[Casinea]], [[Astolat]] and [[Semmerholm]]. Reports indicate that these clouds are accompanied by bands of [[ettercap|ettercaps]] - insect-like abominations - that attack farms and settlements near the outskirts of the dark [[Navarr|Navarri]] forest. The ettercaps are a nuisance, but they are quickly dealt with. Soldiers of the [[Varushka military concerns#The Northern Eagle|Northern Eagle]] garrisoned in Casinea work with soldiers from the [[Casinea#The Silent Sentinel|Silent Sentinel]] to ensure that none of the ettercaps manage to get more than half a mile from the edges of the forest. The garrison of the [[Astolat#The Castle of Thorns|Castle of Thorns]] makes short work of those beasts with the temerity to attack Astolat. In Semmerholm, the attacks are dealt with by [[questing knight|questing knights]] and [[yeoman of Dawn|yeoman]] militia, accompanied by seasoned troops from [[Astolat#The Gate|the Gate]] (the [[fortification]] that guards the now-secure passes into [[Holberg]]), and several bands of Navarri thorns from [[Brocéliande#Boar.27s_Dell|Boar's Dell]].

The ettercaps are vicious beasts; cunning enough to be a challenge one-on-one, but no match for a disciplined band of Imperial soldiers. Those that do not flee back into the [[vallorn]]-tainted forests are mercilessly slaughtered, their bodies burnt on great pyres to ensure they do not taint the soil or the woodlands. Within three weeks, the number of sporadic attacks drops significantly, and then peters out completely.

However, this small-scale invasion was just a prelude, it appears, to a more worrying occurance. It is followed by a wave of transformation that strikes the [[farm|farms]] and [[forest]] preserves of Casinea, Astolat, and Semmerholm.

Roughly a quarter of all farm produce is found to be twisted, strange, and unnatural. Orchards produce aberrant fuit whose colour, texture, shape, and flavour bear little resemblance to the expected apples and pears. Wheat fields are found to contain a scattering of unknown roots and vegetables, as well as oddly hued flowers that move and sway in the absence of any wind, or tangled briars that produce peculiar berries. .

At the same time, a similar portion of valuable materials gathered from the forests of the three territories is found to be unusuable. [[Mundane_beasts#Iridescent_Butterfly|Iridescent butterflies]] emerge from their coccoons misshapen and monstrous; [[materials#Ambergelt|ambergelt]] flows slowy or unnaturally fast, and solididies into unsettling shapes and unfamiliar hues. Near [[Semmerholm#Rucastle|Rucastle]], and entire stand of [[Materials#Beggar's Lye|beggarwood]] trees put forth opalescant blossoms that smell of rotting flesh and attract swarms of buzzing late-summer flies that sting and bite the yeomen trying to gather bark and wood for beggar's lye; in [[Casinea#Mareholm|Marehom]] [[Highguard|Highborn]] workers unearth deposits of [[Materials#Dragonbone|dragonbone]] that seem half-formed and corrupt, like rotting fruit twisted into obnoxiously organic shapes.

The yeomen and farm workers largely deal with these aberrations with fire. [[Magister|Magisters]] and [[Dawn_magical_traditions|witches]], however, soon discover an interesting trend. Growing on most - if not all - of the affected farms is a hardy, thorny bush that puts forth dark blue flowers, which give rise within a month to a peculiar fruit which appears similar to a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranate pomegranate]. The fruit dies, dries out, and become brittle very quickly - the entire cycle plays out over a little under ninety days. These fruit are reasonably rare - a bush produces one a season - but the resulting seed pods can be employed in a similar fashion to [[Game_items#Mana_Crystals|crystal mana]] when performing [[rituals]] of the Spring realm. It is as if the fruit contains or concentrates some of the limitless, fertile energy of that fecund Realm - or of the vallorn itself.

Further investigation spots a disturbing trend. There is compelling evidence that these transformations did not all occur at the same time, but spread first to the farms and forest preserves nearest to Broceliande ... and nearest to the [[trods]]. Careful examination, and consultation with Navarr [[Navarr_magical_traditions#Vates|vates]] whose [[striding|stridings]] passed through the three affected territories, confirmed that the magical energy that caused this widespread transformation flowed out of Broceliande, along the trods, and into the soil, water and even the air itself.

The energy that created this burst of unnatural transformation is receding and fading - and the majority of the unnatural plants are dying as the magic ebbs. Preliminary examinations show that the trods themselves are undamaged, but dispells any doubt that the magic originated with the Broceliande vallorn. This means that the eerie fruits harvested this season in [[Dawn]] and [[Highguard]] seem unequivocably linked to that parasitic threat.
{{CaptionedImage|file=UnnaturalPod.jpg|align=right|title=Most of the plants transformed by the aberrant Spring magic are already dying off ... but not all|caption=The eerie pods contain a wealth of Spring magic.|width=500}}
==Significance==
===Consequences===
Any character who owns a farm or forest [[Resource#Personal_Resource|personal resource]] in the effected territories - in Astolat, Casinea, or Semmerholm - will find that the amount of money or measures of material produced by that resource has been reduced by a quarter. This represents the income lost to the unnatural, transformative touch of unfettered Spring magic.

At the same time, each such character should find a ribbon for a "Seeds of the Forest" in their pack. Infused with Spring potence, these seed pods are protected by a coarse-husked fruit and can be used by ritualists performing rituals from the Realm of Spring.

An immediate problem arises because these pods are obviously connected to the vallorn - and the [[Imperial Conclave]] has [[Declaration#Declaration of Interdiction|interdicted]] vallorn seeds. If these pods are determined to be vallorn seeds then they should be handed in promptly to the civil service. Anyone using or trading them risks being charged with contravening a declaration of interdiction, a serious crime that usually carries a death sentence.

===The Senate===
Several concerned farmers and foresters are looking to the [[Imperial Senate|Senate]] for further clarification. The Senate might choose to amend the current law which makes it illegal to cultivate [[List_of_Criminal_Offences#Crimes of Property|vallorn]]. Previous guidance from the magistrates on this subject was that "when they investigate a potential offence of Vallorn cultivation they will seek expert testimony from the Conclave in cases where the position is unclear. For example, planting or tending a vallorn is very likely to be interpreted to be vallorn cultivation but harvesting magical ingredients from a naturally occurring vallorn pod may or may not be." Magistrate Karkovich has indicated his intention to consult with the Archmage of Spring and the Advisor on the Vallorn about both these issues.

Additionally, the magical transformation wrought by the Spring magic has produced other exotic plant material in the affected farms and forests. These unique fruits, vegetables, and plants appear to have no special properties beyond their strange appearance, but they are still being burnt. A motion by the Senate to clarify that trading such produce is not a crime could provide a significant boost of additional money to the affected farms and forests during the coming season - but may have unlooked for consequences depending on whether that produce has any hidden properties.

===Opportunity===
Any character with a farm or forest in one of the effected territories can choose to actively cultivate the Spring-mana producing plant. Mundane means will not suffice, however; the plant requires a burst of spring magic if it is to survive. This can most easily be achieved by use of the ritual [[Blessing of New Spring]]. if the ritual is performed on a character with a farm or forest in one of the three effected territories, their production will be permanently reduced by 36 rings or 2 measures as appropriate, but their resource will also permanently produce a piece of Spring mana each season.

This enchantment normally has no effect when performed on a character with a forest, and would not normally be performed during the Autumn equniox for obvious reasons. In this case however, the nature of the magical event means it will have an unlooked for effect. It is worth noting that it does not matter if the casting of this ritual is deliberate or not, only that the enchantment it creates remains in effect until the start of the next Profound Decisions Empire event (that is, if another enchantment is placed on the resource, the blessing of new spring will be removed and the attempt to permanently cultivate the mana-seed-pods will fail).

A few alternative options exist. If the ritual [[Hallow of the Green World]] were performed during this event, it would automatically cultivate the peculiar mana-plant in all forests and farms in the three effected territories. Likewise, an [[Spontaneous_magic#Arcane_Projection|arcane projection]] from the spring realm that enhanced fertility over an entire territory would automatically support the magical plant if cast in the territory. The important element is that the farm or forest be infused with a burst of spring energy.

==Participation==
If you are one of the characters affected, you may wish to provide a suitable phys-rep for these exotic pods. A scarp of hessian folded over and stuffed with something will make a perfectly adequate phys-rep, as might a dried poppy or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lotus_seed_pod.jpg lotus seed pod] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppy_straw poppy straw].

Any character whose roleplaying mandates that they would simply have had these seed pods destroyed is encouraged to hand the "Seeds of the Forest" ribbon back in at GOD, or else simply destroy it. They will still suffer the reduced production for their farm or forest.

[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Recent History]]
[[Category:379YE]]