Overview

The original document on which this report is based was prepared for Caleb of the Cenotaph Minister of Historical Research. It followed on from earlier work relating specifically to a reported past live vision experience of Adelina Barossa, prepared for their predecessor Ioseph of Phoenix's Reach. The investigation touched on matters of the malign spiritual presence of Hate, which is also called "Purity" in some documents.

In the months since the original work was done, additional research has cast further light on this topic, and on the role of Hatred in the early Empire. This more general discussion of Hatred, and a commentary on the history of Maud, Daughter of Esther, has been compiled by Leontes the Scribe, the Imperial Archivist.

The original documents sent to the Minister for Historical Research are appended at the end of the essay.

Foreword

Investigation into the life of Maud, daughter of Esther, has proved to be a delicate undertaking. Some of those contacted during the compilation of this report - Amanda Scriber, John Tallfellow, and Ephas Canterspire in particular - found the whole matter distasteful. Even within the Department there are some topics which prove divisive, or require careful handling. Few scholars are comfortable with examining the role the malign spiritual presence of Hatred played in pre-Imperial history. That it did play a role - that it was very nearly included by the Imperial Synod alongside virtues such as Courage and Vigilance - is uncontested however. It's not the place of the Department to dwell over-much on the nature of the Virtues - at least not in this document - but it is difficult to separate Imperial attitudes to the spiritual force of Hatred from a discussion of Maud, Daughter of Esther.

Few documents dealing with Hatred, or with Maud, Daughter of Esther, survive to the current day. This is due not only to the legacy of Emperor Nicovar but also to the obvious fact that such writings dealt with topics of heresy and blasphemy and have largely been destroyed. While the satirists of the League like to imagine a sinister Highborn "dark library" full of "forbidden texts" the fact of the matter is much more prosaic. Documents dangerous to the spiritual welfare of Imperial citizens are invariably destroyed, not ferreted away by wicked archivists to some secret collection of "banned books."

What sources remain tend to be dry, academic in nature, and deal in generalities rather than specifics; and what is true of the nature of Hatred is just as true as those historical figures associated with the so-called "false virtue". The primary source for the life of Maud, Daughter of Esther, is probably the recent fifth volume of Echoes of the Labyrinth, in which a League citizen (now a citizen of Highguard) reportedly experienced the true liao vision recorded there. The Department tends not to view accounts of past lives as entirely reliable sources of information and always attempts to secure confirmation from contemporary historical documents. Visions are often subjective - even without considering the possibility that someone might simply lie or be mistaken about their experience.

A biography of Maude daughter of Esther

Some of the biographical information about Maude comes from Highborn archivist Bartholomew son of Idwin. A member of Josiah's Alarum chapter and an actual descendant of Maud, his report on the life of his ancestor unfortunately appears to be coloured by his respect for his lineage and his chapter. The basic details, however, appear to be uncontested. Maude, daughter of Esther, was born in 32 BE, at the chapter of Esau’s Choice in Bastion. Records show she died in 38YE, at the chapter of Josiah's Alarum, in Necropolis. A contemporary of the First Empress, she was a prominent figure in the Assembly of the Virtuous, the Highborn precursor of the Imperial Synod. She is believed to have been heavily involved in the early discussions around the foundation of the Synod, and thus the modern Way.

According to Bartholomew, she spent time in her early life as a wayfarer. There is a Maude daughter of Esther of Esau's Choice among a list of missionaries working in Tassato and the Marches during the years prior to the Marcher civil war. She returned to Esau's Choice shortly before the outbreak of the so-called Cousin's War where she is reported to have taken the role of preacher, spiritual advisor, and teacher to the people of of her chapter.

Certainly a delegation from Esau’s Choice attended the first summit at Anvil, and it is not difficult to imagine that an experienced wayfarer such as Maude would have been a leading member of that delegation. While Bartholomew paints Maude as a proponent of what would eventually become the Assembly of Loyalty, much of this is unfortunately speculation on the part of the archivist and not supported by any documentation other than some old, partial records inherited from Esau's Choice now kept at Josiah's Alarum.

Bartholomew's account then goes on to talk about the "spectre of heresy" - painting Maud's association with the spiritual presence of Hatred as a heresy. This is unfortunately at odds with historical fact. It is generally accepted that at the founding of the Empire the spiritual force of Hatred - or the virtue of "Purity" as it was more commonly known in early Imperial documents - was a significant force recognised by the forerunners of the Imperial Synod. Indeed, it is common knowledge that it was nearly included as one of the Seven. It is easy to feel sympathetic to Bartholomew - it must be difficult to acknowledge that the dangerous teachings of Hatred were once as popular as those of Courage, Ambition, or any of the other true Virtues. How much worse, then, to acknowledge that one's direct ancestor was a proponent of this wicked philosophy?

What I think we can be confident of is that Maude never held the rank of "Cardinal of Purity". While there were certainly priests recognised as being experts on the matters of the individual virtues, the title of Cardinal does not appear in any significant way in pre-Imperial religious documents. The first Cardinals are appointed as part of the work of the early Imperial priests in founding the Synod. While their inspiration is likely to be the Speaker for the Assembly of Highguard, their role was established as part of the constitutional mandate to "establish assemblies that each may know their virtue and select the most virtuous amongst them to lead". At best, we can assume that if Maude was a respected Highborn priest, and a proponent of so-called "Purity", she was recognised as one of the important voices arguing for the inclusion of Hate in the Doctrine of Seven, itself a product of the first years of debate among the priests of the first Imperial Synod.

Paradoxically of course, prior to the reign of Empress Teleri the original cardinals wielded political power more often through the Imperial Senate rather than the Synod. Possessing powers equivalent to those of a Senator, they appear to have been much more concerned with secular matters and presented a potent, if often fractured, voting bloc. It is a sobering thought to imagine what might have happened if one of the eight original cardinals had been a proponent of this malignant spiritual power.

The Practice of Hatred

While it may once have been recognised by priests of the pre-Synod Way, Hatred is very clearly counted alongside the other dangerous spiritual powers such as Peace, Anarchy, and Vengeance. At the absolute outside, it might in theory be recognised as a spiritual power that does not hinder the passage of the spirit through the Labyrinth - as described in the Doctrine of the Seven - but most theological scholars are very clear that it is antithetical to the existing Virtues and that embracing its power is variously, heresy, blasphemy, or both.

It is reassuring to imagine that the practitioners of Hatred were restricted to a limited number of heretical chapters in Highguard. While that may be comforting, it is unfortunately not borne out by the evidence. While Purity was never as dominant as familiar virtues such as Wisdom and Prosperity, it was recognised as a power by the Highborn, and also among the Marchers, the people of Dawn, and the Varushkans. While its dangers are obvious to us today, in less enlightened time its message of closed-communities that protected their traditions and local practices against outsiders was not unappealing. On one level, the spiritual practices promoted by the followers of "Purity" relating to ideas of tainting or corrupting were easily entangled with entirely practical suspicion of malign magical forces or - perhaps ironically - wicked spiritual forces. By casting entities such as the vallorn, or obviously questionable ideas such as foreign religions or actual heresies as "corruption" that must be "rooted out", the followers of "Purity" were often able to establish themselves not as abhorrent gatekeepers, but as heroic defenders of their communities. Such communities often proved quite resistant to outside change.

Even in pre-Imperial times, however, the practitioners of "Purity" were often looked at askance by their peers. There are some fragmentary records of early arguments between Lepidus and an orator called "Simon of Greatwood" in which the paragon repudiates a philosophy suggesting that the Highborn must not teach the Way to outsiders lest they open themselves to dangerous and unvirtuous influences in return. Conversely, dedicates of "Purity" in the Marches railed against those monks who brought the Way to the households, and some scholars point to the opposition of Sulemaine and her sword-scholars to Highborn wayfarers as a manifestation of this suspicious, hateful principle that loathes and fears "outside" ideas.

After the establishment of the Doctrine of the Seven, however, any uncertainty was dispelled. Preaching that "Purity", "Freedom", "Justice", or the rest were equal to the true virtues was clear heresy and treated as such. There are first-hand reports of direct action taken to put-down dangerous cults including several recalcitrant chapters in Newland (later Casfall) in Casinea at the same time the Empire was campaigning against Alderei the Fair. Indeed there are reputable reports that some of the warriors who fought under the tyrant-boyar's banner were openly inspired by the force of Hatred turning their zealous ire against all non-Varushkan soldiers intruding into their dark woodlands. In both cases, interestingly, the rune Cavul or the image of a war-like swan, were used by the cults - a symbology that recurs again and again through Imperial history. The murderer known as "the Swan" who terrorised the lineaged of Tassato Mestra in the late first century, for example, carved the rune into the flesh of their victims as a "calling card." That same connection was most recently seen fifty years ago when the "Fraternity of the Swan" openly decried the inclusion of the Imperial Orcs among the Imperial nations; while their organisation was swiftly dismantled, investigations by the magistrates conclusively pointed to auras of Hatred being employed by the leaders of the movement.

Not everything is as cut-and-dried however. There are records of a knightly order known as the "Order of Golden Zeal" in Dawn in the 53YE. Associated with the Hounds of Glory, these questing knights were reported to be particularly zealous in fighting against the orcs threatening the Empire's eastern borders. While their battlefield fury was often lauded at the time, their enthusiasm for butchering prisoners was considered uncomfortably extreme. The final reference to the Order is in 54YE, where Empress Richilde herself is believed to have taken steps to disband them although frustratingly no details have survived to the current day beyond a reference to a "House Silvertongue", a name that has been heard recently in the Judgements of the Dawnish National Assembly. Ser Thomas Aurelius, who raised that judgement and its escalation, might have known more, but the secret may have died with him.

These stories, and others like them, recur again and again and there is no doubt in the minds of most serious scholars that the heretical power of "Purity" is a stubborn weed, difficult to root out. To the lay person, it is sometimes difficult to separate the strangling vines of Hate from virtuous Vigilance or Pride. A healthy awareness of external and internal threats can sometimes be mistaken for a black-souled hatred of all that is different, and vice versa. Likewise, taking comfort in one's cherished traditions can sometimes be mistaken for a Hateful commitment to custom that opposes all influences from outside the community.

The ceremony of insight can be used to detect dedicates of Hate, but it is of limited use when dealing with the equally insidious problem of normal citizens who simply embrace its tenets. Especially given the rhetoric of the Imperial Synod itself; more than one theologian has pointed out the danger inherent in urging the people of the Empire to hate their enemies. Spiritual auras do not arise solely from the practice of liao ceremonies after all; enough people united by their hatred of outsiders can give rise to spontaneous hallows, consecrations, anointings, and even in very rare cases to dedications. The sects of Hatred had to begin somewhere, after all.

The Teachings of Hatred

It is an unpleasant truth that Hatred is a source of spiritual power similar to the seven Virtues. Those who are dedicated to its teachings are capable of using liao to create auras that draw upon this force just as a priest of one of the true Virtues might create a consecration, hallow or anointing. The nature of these auras are not as well-documented as those of the true virtues for obvious reasons, but thanks to a combination of Highborn archivists and Varushkan scholars (who wish to remain anonymous), and to the vigilance of the Silent Bell, and the 383YE investigation into the sect of Hate in Whittle, some details of the teachings of "Purity" have emerged.

At its root, Hatred represents the fundamental urge to regard the world in terms of "we who are pure" and "they who are corrupt". It is the distrust of the outsider, of the stranger. It is the contempt for the different and the strange. The hateful see tolerance as weakness, and strive to defend their way of life against any outside influence.

The sects are by no means united, but certain phrases recur over and over. These might be seen as similar to the tenets of the true Virtues and include phrases such as: "Your enemies do not deserve pity: their suffering is not your concern"; "trust the instinct that recoils from the unknown"; "tolerance is the crack in the foundation of a strong society"; "Hate is the purest form of active will, a sword to defend what we hold dear"; and "those who are not with us are against us; there is no other path". Those investigating the sects of Hatred would do well to remain alert for speeches or turns-of-phrase that declare sentiments such as these.

The dream of Hatred - as practiced by a dedicate of the malign spiritual force - is anecdotally said to have some similarities to that of Vigilance, bringing threats before the recipient's sleeping mind. Where the dream of Vigilance draw upon the recipient’s own experience, the dream of Hatred tells them exactly what to hate: quite simply, anything that is not like they are.

The consecration of Hatred appears on the surface to be a positive, strengthening aura. It causes a place to feel special, good, clean; a place to be protected. At the same time, however, it urges those who partake of it to keep out any external influences, and to be prepared to do whatever is necessary to keep the place "safe".

The anointings of Hate follow this theme of uniting those who think the same way, and exiling or opposing those who have different ideas. It is easy to see why the spiritual force is dubbed "Purity" by its adherents. Some who have experienced anointing of Hate speak of being driven to suppress dissenting voices, and finding the idea of compromising with others to be nauseating. Others - including a respected agent of the Silent Bell involved in the Whittle investigation - spoke of a profound and empowering understanding of his own identity, coupled with a pernicious awareness of how others were different from him, and how those differences were unsettling and offensive.

Finally, several objects have been examined over the years that appear to bear hallows of Hate. It's possible that some of these are in fact spontaneous auras, but there are enough similarities to propose a short, and certainly not exhaustive, list. Such relics may encourage one to shun strangers; favour instinct over reason; defend traditions from any perceived slight; openly oppose voices that preach tolerance or understanding; unite one's people; and protect the innocent by eliminating influences one deems to be "unwholesome."

As the archivist Gabbatha of the Litharge wrote in 342YE "It is easy to see why the early Synod considered the inclusion of Purity alongside the true virtues. Some of the auras, taken at face value, appear to be of benefit to the virtuous. Yet when one looks closer, the cracks begin to show. Wielded injudiciously there is a very real chance these auras would tear the Empire apart, turning nation against nation, and neighbour against neighbour in pursuit of a single truth that must, as long as humans are mortal creatures, remain elusive."

A Note on "Purity"

In the 214YE book "Purity and Spite", Engus of Highguard quoted a statement of principle from the General Assembly, allegedly from the reign of Empress Richilde, warning the Synod to be alert to the dangers of tolerating hatred. The unknown priest reportedly wrote that "We call it Purity, but we know that it is hate. We must defend against our enemies for Vigilance's sake, because they are a threat to our people. If we urge our congregations to fight with hatred in our hearts, then we have lost the Way, no matter what words we might use to hide our endorsement of that malignant force." Engus expands on the topic in some detail, discussing the idea that neither Virtues nor the malign spiritual forces are concerned with semantics. "If we urge people to hate," he concludes, "then we are also urging them to Hate, and that way lies disaster."

Earlier Documents

These reports were provided to the Ministers of Historical Research following their initial requests.

The Past Life of Adelina Barossa

This document was prepared by Octavia of Stream's Source spire for Ioseph of Phoenix Reach, shortly before the Spring Equinox 382YE. It touches specifically on the life of Maude, daughter of Esther.


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Maude, Daughter of Esther

On investigating Maude daughter of Esther and whether there was ever a proper Cardinal of Purity, John Tallfellow Summer, 383YE. The Department of Historical Research has a note that this document, and the three that follow, might have gone to the previous Minister of Historical Research by mistake, and offers sincere apologies to Caleb of the Cenotaph.


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Hate and the Formation of the Empire

Upon the practice of the Heresy of Hatred around the Formation of the Empire, Ephas of Canterspire, Summer 383YE


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Auras and Teachings

Upon the Malign Auras and the Teachings of Hatred, Ephas Canterspire, Summer 383YE


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Adelina Barossa's Vision

From Echoes of the Labyrinth, Volume 5, as compiled by Livia of the Spire of the Celestial Union. This excerpt is included for the sake of completeness.


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Further Reading